Department of Hematology, São Paulo University, Fundacão Pro-Sangue/Hemocentro São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Transfusion. 2010 Aug;50(8):1806-14. doi: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2010.02650.x. Epub 2010 Apr 30.
Persons with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) risk behaviors are excluded from donation to reduce the risk of transfusion-transmitted infection. Persons donating to be tested for HIV may therefore deny risk behaviors.
A random sample of donors completed a survey on motivations, knowledge, and attitudes on the screening process. Donors were considered test seekers if they agreed with two statements "I think that blood donation is a good, fast, and anonymous way to get my blood tested" and "I donate to get my test results." This study was conducted from June to November 2006 at the largest blood bank in São Paulo, Brazil.
Of 3061 participants, 208 (7%) were test seekers. They tended to be male and had a lower educational level. They were more likely to have incorrect knowledge about blood safety (e.g., not knowing that a unit can test antibody negative and still transmit infection, 50% vs. 42%, p = 0.02), express dissatisfaction with screening questions (e.g., feeling that important questions were not asked, 14% vs. 5%, p < 0.01), and concur that donors do not answer questions truthfully (e.g., donors have more sexual partners than they admit, 29% vs. 18%, p < 0.01). Test seekers were more likely to believe that it is acceptable to donate blood to get tested for HIV (41% vs. 10%, p < 0.01).
Test-seeking motivation, coupled with low knowledge of window period risk, is counter to improving blood safety and to donor prevention needs. Donor education needs to be improved along with availability of appropriate HIV counseling and testing.
为了降低输血传播感染的风险，具有人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）风险行为的人被排除在捐赠者之外。因此，那些为了接受 HIV 检测而捐赠的人可能会否认自己的风险行为。
随机抽取了一部分献血者，让他们完成一份关于筛查过程的动机、知识和态度的调查。如果献血者同意以下两个陈述，就被视为检测寻求者：“我认为献血是一种快速、匿名的检测血液的方法”和“我献血是为了获得检测结果”。这项研究于 2006 年 6 月至 11 月在巴西圣保罗最大的血库进行。
在 3061 名参与者中，有 208 人（7%）是检测寻求者。他们往往是男性，教育程度较低。他们更有可能对血液安全知识有错误的认识（例如，不知道一个单位可以检测出抗体阴性但仍能传播感染，50%对 42%，p=0.02），对筛查问题表示不满（例如，感觉重要的问题没有被问到，14%对 5%，p<0.01），并认为献血者不会如实回答问题（例如，献血者的性伴侣比他们承认的要多，29%对 18%，p<0.01）。检测寻求者更有可能认为接受 HIV 检测是可以接受的（41%对 10%，p<0.01）。
检测寻求动机，加上对窗口期风险的低认知，不利于提高血液安全性和满足献血者的预防需求。需要改进献血者教育，并提供适当的 HIV 咨询和检测。
