School of Criminal Justice, Institut de police scientifique, University of Lausanne, Batochime, 1015 Lausanne Dorigny, Switzerland.
Forensic Sci Int Genet. 2010 Oct;4(5):316-22. doi: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2009.11.006. Epub 2010 Jan 14.
Familial searching consists of searching for a full profile left at a crime scene in a National DNA Database (NDNAD). In this paper we are interested in the circumstance where no full match is returned, but a partial match is found between a database member's profile and the crime stain. Because close relatives share more of their DNA than unrelated persons, this partial match may indicate that the crime stain was left by a close relative of the person with whom the partial match was found. This approach has successfully solved important crimes in the UK and the USA. In a previous paper, a model, which takes into account substructure and siblings, was used to simulate a NDNAD. In this paper, we have used this model to test the usefulness of familial searching and offer guidelines for pre-assessment of the cases based on the likelihood ratio. Siblings of "persons" present in the simulated Swiss NDNAD were created. These profiles (N=10,000) were used as traces and were then compared to the whole database (N=100,000). The statistical results obtained show that the technique has great potential confirming the findings of previous studies. However, effectiveness of the technique is only one part of the story. Familial searching has juridical and ethical aspects that should not be ignored. In Switzerland for example, there are no specific guidelines to the legality or otherwise of familial searching. This article both presents statistical results, and addresses criminological and civil liberties aspects to take into account risks and benefits of familial searching.
家系搜索是指在国家 DNA 数据库 (NDNAD) 中搜索犯罪现场留下的完整个人档案。在本文中，我们感兴趣的是在没有返回完整匹配的情况下，数据库成员的个人档案与犯罪痕迹之间发现部分匹配的情况。由于近亲共享的 DNA 比无关人员更多，因此这种部分匹配可能表明犯罪痕迹是与发现部分匹配的人有密切关系的人的亲属留下的。这种方法已经成功地解决了英国和美国的一些重要犯罪案件。在之前的一篇论文中，我们使用了一种考虑亚结构和兄弟姐妹的模型来模拟 NDNAD。在本文中，我们使用该模型测试了家系搜索的有效性，并根据似然比为案件的预评估提供了指导方针。模拟的瑞士 NDNAD 中“人员”的兄弟姐妹被创建。这些个人档案（N=10,000）被用作痕迹，然后与整个数据库（N=100,000）进行比较。得到的统计结果表明，该技术具有很大的潜力，证实了之前研究的发现。然而，该技术的有效性只是故事的一部分。家系搜索存在法律和伦理方面的问题，不容忽视。例如，在瑞士，关于家系搜索的合法性或其他方面没有具体的指导方针。本文既呈现了统计结果，也探讨了犯罪学和公民自由的方面，以考虑家系搜索的风险和收益。
