College of Kinesiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.
J Bone Miner Res. 2011 Jun;26(6):1313-20. doi: 10.1002/jbmr.338.
Competitive female gymnasts have greater bone mineral measures than nongymnasts. However, less is known about the effect of recreational and/or precompetitive gymnastics participation on bone development. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the differences previously reported in the skeleton of competitive female gymnasts are also demonstrated in young children with a current or past participation history in recreational or precompetitive gymnastics. One hundred and sixty-three children (30 gymnasts, 61 ex-gymnasts, and 72 nongymnasts) between 4 and 6 years of age were recruited and measured annually for 4 years (not all participants were measured at every occasion). Total-body (TB), lumbar spine (LS), and femoral neck (FN) bone mineral content (BMC) were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Multilevel random-effects models were constructed and used to predict differences in TB, LS, and FN BMC between groups while controlling for differences in body size, physical activity, and diet. Gymnasts had 3% more TB and 7% more FN BMC than children participating in other recreational sports at year 4 (p < .05). No differences were found at the LS between groups, and there were no differences between ex-gymnasts' and nongymnasts' bone parameters (p > .05). These findings suggest that recreational and precompetitive gymnastics participation is associated with greater BMC. This is important because beginner gymnastics skills are attainable by most children and do not require a high level of training. Low-level gymnastics skills can be implemented easily into school physical education programs, potentially affecting skeletal health.
竞技性女子体操运动员的骨矿物质指标高于非体操运动员。然而，对于娱乐性和/或竞技性体操参与对骨骼发育的影响知之甚少。本研究的目的是调查在有当前或过去参与娱乐性或竞技性体操经历的儿童中，是否也存在之前在竞技性女子体操运动员骨骼中报道的差异。招募了 163 名儿童（30 名体操运动员、61 名前体操运动员和 72 名非体操运动员），并在 4 年内每年进行测量（并非所有参与者都在每次测量中进行测量）。全身（TB）、腰椎（LS）和股骨颈（FN）骨矿物质含量（BMC）通过双能 X 射线吸收法（DXA）测量。构建了多级随机效应模型，用于预测组间 TB、LS 和 FN BMC 的差异，同时控制身体大小、身体活动和饮食的差异。在第 4 年，体操运动员的 TB 比其他从事娱乐性运动的儿童多 3%，FN BMC 多 7%（p <.05）。组间在 LS 处没有差异，前体操运动员和非体操运动员的骨骼参数也没有差异（p >.05）。这些发现表明，娱乐性和竞技性体操参与与更大的 BMC 有关。这很重要，因为大多数儿童都可以掌握初级体操技能，并且不需要高水平的训练。低水平的体操技能可以很容易地融入学校体育教育课程中，可能会影响骨骼健康。
