Esteban-García Paula, Jiménez-Díaz José Fernando, Abián-Vicén Javier, Bravo-Sánchez Alfredo, Rubio-Arias Jacobo Á
Performance and Sport Rehabilitation Laboratory, PerlaSport Group, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Science, University of Castilla la Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain.
Department of Education, University of Almeria, 04120 Almería, Spain.
Biology (Basel). 2021 Nov 19;10(11):1210. doi: 10.3390/biology10111210.
Rhythmic gymnastics performance is characterized by technical elements involving flexibility, aerobic capacity and strength. Increased core strength in rhythmic gymnastics could lead to improved sporting performance.
The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of 12 weeks of core muscle training on core muscle performance in rhythmic gymnasts.
A randomized controlled study involving 24 rhythmic gymnastics was conducted. Participants were randomly assigned to a control group (CG; = 12; age 13.50 ± 3.17 years) or a training group (TG; = 12; age 14.41 ± 2.35 years). Body composition, isometric strength of trunk, core endurance and core muscle electromyographic activity were measured (EMG) after 12 weeks of core training. Independent sample t-tests were carried out to compare baseline values between groups. A two-way repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) (time × group) was applied.
The TG improved body composition, trunk lean mass (mean differences MD = -0.31; = 0.040), lean mass (MD = 0.43; = 0.037) and bone mass (MD = -0.06; < 0.001) after training. Core training increased isometric strength of trunk, flexion test (MD = -21.53; = 0.019) and extension test (MD = 22.7; = 0.049), as well as the prone bridge core endurance test (MD = -11.27; = 0.040). The EMG values also increased in the TG in prone bridge for front trunk (MD = -58.58; = 0.026).
Core strength training leads to improvements in body composition, as well as improvements in trunk strength and increases in muscle electromyographic activity. These improvements could therefore improve performance during competitive rhythmic gymnastics exercises.
艺术体操表演的特点是包含柔韧性、有氧能力和力量等技术元素。艺术体操中核心力量的增强可提高运动表现。
本研究旨在分析12周核心肌肉训练对艺术体操运动员核心肌肉表现的影响。
进行了一项涉及24名艺术体操运动员的随机对照研究。参与者被随机分配到对照组（CG；n = 12；年龄13.50 ± 3.17岁）或训练组（TG；n = 12；年龄14.41 ± 2.35岁）。在进行12周核心训练后，测量身体成分、躯干等长力量、核心耐力和核心肌肉肌电图活动（EMG）。进行独立样本t检验以比较组间基线值。应用双向重复测量方差分析（ANOVA）（时间×组）。
训练后，TG组的身体成分、躯干瘦体重（平均差异MD = -0.31；p = 0.040）、瘦体重（MD = 0.43；p = 0.037）和骨量（MD = -0.06；p < 0.001）得到改善。核心训练增加了躯干等长力量、屈曲试验（MD = -21.53；p = 0.019）和伸展试验（MD = 22.7；p = 0.049），以及俯卧桥核心耐力试验（MD = -11.27；p = 0.040）。TG组在俯卧桥中前躯干的EMG值也有所增加（MD = -58.58；p = 0.026）。
核心力量训练可改善身体成分，增强躯干力量并增加肌肉肌电图活动。因此，这些改善可提高竞技艺术体操练习中的表现。
