Department of Epidemiology, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia.
Malar J. 2010 May 10;9:121. doi: 10.1186/1475-2875-9-121.
In Ethiopia, the utilization of long-lasting insecticide-treated bed nets (LLITN) is hampered by behavioural factors such as low awareness and negative attitude of the community. The aim of this study was to present the design and baseline results of a cluster randomized trial on the effect of training of household heads on the use of LLITN.
This baseline survey was undertaken from February to March, 2009 as part of a randomized cluster trial. A total of 11 intervention and 11 control Gots (villages) were included in the Gilgel Gibe Field Research Centre, south-west Ethiopia. House to house visit was done in 4135 households to collect information about the use of LLITN and socio-demographic variables. For the diagnosis of malaria and anaemia, blood samples were collected from 2410 under-five children and 242 pregnant women.
One fourth of the households in the intervention and control Gots had functional LLITN. Only 30% of the observed LLITN in the intervention and 28% in the control Gots were hanged properly. Adults were more likely to utilize LLITN than under-five children in the control and intervention Gots. The prevalence of malaria in under-five children in the intervention and control Gots was 10.5% and 8.3% respectively. The intervention and control Gots had no significant difference concerning the prevalence of malaria in under-five children, [OR = 1.28, (95%CI: 0.97, 1.69)]. Eight (6.1%) pregnant women in the intervention and eight (7.2%) in the control Gots were positive for malaria (P = 0.9). Children in the intervention Gots were less likely to have anaemia than children in the control Gots, [OR = 0.75, (95%CI: 0.62, 0.85)].
The availability and utilization of LLITN was low in the study area. The prevalence of malaria and anaemia was high. Intervention strategies of malaria should focus on high risk population and vulnerable groups.
在埃塞俄比亚，长效驱虫蚊帐（LLITN）的使用受到社区意识低下和负面态度等行为因素的阻碍。本研究旨在介绍一项关于培训家庭户主对 LLITN 使用影响的随机对照试验的设计和基线结果。
本基线调查于 2009 年 2 月至 3 月作为随机对照试验的一部分进行。在埃塞俄比亚西南部吉尔吉尔吉比野外研究中心，共有 11 个干预和 11 个对照戈茨（村庄）被纳入研究。对 4135 户家庭进行了家访，以收集有关 LLITN 使用情况和社会人口学变量的信息。为了诊断疟疾和贫血，从 2410 名 5 岁以下儿童和 242 名孕妇中采集了血液样本。
干预和对照戈茨中，有四分之一的家庭拥有功能齐全的 LLITN。仅 30%的观察到的干预戈茨和 28%的对照戈茨中的 LLITN 被正确悬挂。成人比对照和干预戈茨中的 5 岁以下儿童更有可能使用 LLITN。干预和对照戈茨中 5 岁以下儿童的疟疾患病率分别为 10.5%和 8.3%。干预和对照戈茨中 5 岁以下儿童的疟疾患病率无显著差异[OR=1.28，（95%CI：0.97，1.69)]。干预戈茨中有 8 名（6.1%）孕妇和对照戈茨中有 8 名（7.2%）孕妇疟疾检测呈阳性（P=0.9）。干预戈茨中的儿童患贫血的可能性低于对照戈茨中的儿童[OR=0.75，（95%CI：0.62，0.85)]。
研究地区 LLITN 的供应和使用率都很低。疟疾和贫血的患病率很高。疟疾干预策略应侧重于高危人群和弱势群体。
