Alemu Getaneh, Mama Mohammedaman
Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia.
Ethiop J Health Sci. 2018 May;28(3):315-322. doi: 10.4314/ejhs.v28i3.9.
It is well known that malaria can be transmitted via blood transfusion. However, it is not documented in the national donor screening protocol. Magnitude of asymptomatic malaria among donors would be the key to decide on the need of donor screening. Despite this, there is lack of such data in Ethiopia. The aim of this study was thus to estimate the prevalence of asymptomatic malaria and associated factors among blood donors.
An institution based cross-sectional study was conducted in Arba Minch blood bank from February to June, 2015. Data was collected from donors who passed the clinical donor selection criteria and recruited by systematic random sampling technique. A structured questionnaire was used to capture data on socio-demographic characteristics. Giemsa stained blood films were examined for plasmodium parasites. Magnitude of asymptomatic malaria was calculated and association of factors with malaria was assessed by multivariable logistic regressions using SPSS version 20.0.
A total of 416 donors participated in the study. The proportion of infected donors was 4.1% (17/416). Eight donors were infected with Plasmodium falciparum while 9 donors were infected with Plasmodium vivax. Most positive blood films (13/17) were with parasite loads ranging from 100 - 500 parasites/µl. Donors with blood group O were more susceptible to malaria parasitemia compared to all other ABO blood groups together (AOR=6.899, 95%CI=1.951-24.391, p=0.003).
Magnitude of malaria parasitemia in the present study was high as compared to the national malaria prevalence. Hence, in malaria endemic areas of Ethiopia, blood should be screened before donation.
众所周知，疟疾可通过输血传播。然而，国家献血者筛查方案中并未对此作出记录。献血者中无症状疟疾的感染程度是决定是否需要进行献血者筛查的关键。尽管如此，埃塞俄比亚缺乏此类数据。因此，本研究的目的是估计献血者中无症状疟疾的患病率及相关因素。
2015年2月至6月，在阿尔巴明奇血库开展了一项基于机构的横断面研究。数据收集自通过临床献血者选择标准并采用系统随机抽样技术招募的献血者。使用结构化问卷收集社会人口学特征数据。对吉姆萨染色的血涂片进行疟原虫检查。计算无症状疟疾的感染程度，并使用SPSS 20.0版本通过多变量逻辑回归评估因素与疟疾的关联。
共有416名献血者参与了本研究。感染献血者的比例为4.1%（17/416）。8名献血者感染了恶性疟原虫，9名献血者感染了间日疟原虫。大多数阳性血涂片（13/17）的寄生虫载量在100 - 500个寄生虫/微升之间。与所有其他ABO血型组相比，O型血的献血者更容易出现疟疾寄生虫血症（比值比=6.899，95%置信区间=1.951 - 24.391，p=0.003）。
与全国疟疾患病率相比，本研究中疟疾寄生虫血症的感染程度较高。因此，在埃塞俄比亚疟疾流行地区，献血前应进行血液筛查。
