School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Catalonia, Spain.
Environ Int. 2010 Aug;36(6):577-83. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2010.04.015. Epub 2010 May 14.
Because of its benefits to soil and crops, sewage sludge application on agricultural soils is a managing practice of increasing use. However, this practice may lead to contamination of the food chain, especially by persistent organic pollutants (POPs). The main objective of this study was to integrate probabilistic multimedia models to predict the accumulation of POPs in the food chain and the related risks to humans, as a consequence of sludge application on soil. For that, four models were integrated: (i) soil fate, (ii) plant, (iii) food chain and (iv) exposure and risk. These models were applied for two scenarios (occupational and non-occupationally exposed populations) in a time span of 30 years. The variability of the inputs and outputs was also considered. The model was applied to a case-study of 4 POPs (2,3,7,8TCDD, PCB 180, benzo(a)pyrene, and dibenzo(a,h)anthracene) in an agricultural soil located in Catalonia (NE of Spain). Some differences in cancer risk due to POP exposure were appreciated between both evaluated scenarios. However, all values were below the threshold levels. With the exception of 2,3,7,8TCDD, all the contaminants reached steady state on soil in the first five years of the evaluation. Concentration levels in food (vegetables, meat and milk) were linearly correlated to those in soils. Air inhalation was noted to be an occupational exposure route of minor importance. Sensitivity analysis for 2,3,7,8TCDD showed that exposure parameters were responsible for most of the variability in the results.
由于其对土壤和作物的益处，将污水污泥施用于农业土壤是一种越来越多的管理实践。然而，这种做法可能导致食物链的污染，特别是持久性有机污染物（POPs）的污染。本研究的主要目的是整合概率多媒体模型，以预测 POPs 在食物链中的积累及其对人类的相关风险，这是由于污泥施用于土壤。为此，整合了四个模型：（i）土壤命运，（ii）植物，（iii）食物链和（iv）暴露和风险。这些模型应用于 30 年时间跨度内的两种情况（职业和非职业暴露人群）。还考虑了输入和输出的可变性。该模型应用于西班牙东北部加泰罗尼亚的农业土壤中 4 种 POPs（2,3,7,8-TCDD、PCB 180、苯并（a）芘和二苯并（a，h）蒽）的案例研究。由于 POP 暴露，在两种评估情况下，癌症风险存在一些差异。但是，所有值均低于阈值水平。除 2,3,7,8-TCDD 外，所有污染物在评估的头五年内均在土壤中达到稳定状态。食物（蔬菜、肉和奶）中的浓度水平与土壤中的浓度水平呈线性相关。空气吸入被认为是职业暴露途径中的一个次要途径。2,3,7,8-TCDD 的敏感性分析表明，暴露参数是造成结果中大部分变异性的原因。
