与航空旅行相关的结核病调查：美国疾病控制与预防中心，2007 年 1 月至 2008 年 6 月。

Tuberculosis investigations associated with air travel: U. S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, January 2007-June 2008.

机构信息

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Preparedness, Detection, and Control of Infectious Diseases, Division of Global Migration and Quarantine, Atlanta, GA, USA.

出版信息

Travel Med Infect Dis. 2010 Mar;8(2):104-12. doi: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2010.02.003. Epub 2010 Mar 11.

DOI:10.1016/j.tmaid.2010.02.003

PMID:20478518

Abstract

INTRODUCTION

Contact investigations conducted in the United States of persons with tuberculosis (TB) who traveled by air while infectious have increased. However, data about transmission risks of Mycobacterium tuberculosis on aircraft are limited.

METHODS

We analyzed data on index TB cases and passenger contacts from contact investigations initiated by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention from January 2007 through June 2008.

RESULTS

Contact investigations for 131 index cases met study inclusion criteria, including 4550 passenger contacts. U.S. health departments reported TB screening test results for 758 (22%) of assigned contacts; 182 (24%) had positive results. Of the 142 passenger contacts with positive TB test results with information about risk factors for prior TB infection, 130 (92%) had at least one risk factor and 12 (8%) had no risk factors. Positive TB test results were significantly associated with risk factors for prior TB infection (OR 23; p<0.001). No cases of TB disease among passenger contacts were reported.

CONCLUSION

The risks of M. tuberculosis transmission during air travel remain difficult to quantify. Definitive assessment of transmission risks during flights and determination of the effectiveness of contact-tracing efforts will require comprehensive cohort studies.

摘要

简介

在美国，对具有传染性的旅行者进行接触者调查的数量有所增加。然而，关于在飞机上结核分枝杆菌传播风险的数据有限。

方法

我们分析了美国疾病控制与预防中心（U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention）从 2007 年 1 月至 2008 年 6 月开展的接触者调查中索引结核病病例和乘客接触者的数据。

结果

131 例索引病例符合研究纳入标准，包括 4550 名乘客接触者。美国卫生部门报告了 758 名（22%）指定接触者的结核筛查检测结果；182 名（24%）结果呈阳性。在 142 名具有结核感染既往危险因素且结核检测结果阳性的乘客接触者中，130 名（92%）有至少一个危险因素，12 名（8%）没有危险因素。阳性结核检测结果与结核感染既往危险因素显著相关（OR 23；p<0.001）。没有报告乘客接触者中结核病发病的病例。