Departments of Cell Biology and Dermatology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.
Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2010 Jun;2(6):a003251. doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a003251. Epub 2010 May 19.
The mammary gland is an epidermal appendage that begins to form during embryogenesis, but whose development is only completed during pregnancy. Each mammary gland begins as a budlike invagination of the surface ectoderm, which then gives rise to a simple duct system by birth. Subsequent development occurs during sexual maturation and during pregnancy and lactation. In this review, we outline the distinct stages of embryonic mammary development and discuss the molecular pathways involved in the regulation of morphogenesis at each stage. We also discuss the potential relevance of embryonic breast development to the pathophysiology of breast cancer and highlight questions for future research.
乳腺是一种表皮附属物，在胚胎发生过程中开始形成，但只有在怀孕期才完成其发育。每个乳腺开始时是表面外胚层的芽状内陷，然后在出生时由简单的导管系统发育而来。随后的发育发生在性成熟和怀孕及哺乳期。在这篇综述中，我们概述了胚胎乳腺发育的不同阶段，并讨论了每个阶段形态发生调节中涉及的分子途径。我们还讨论了胚胎期乳腺发育对乳腺癌病理生理学的潜在相关性，并强调了未来研究的问题。
