Kangasniemi Mari
Department of Nursing Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
Scand J Caring Sci. 2010 Dec;24(4):824-32. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-6712.2010.00781.x.
Equality is a central concept in the Western way of thinking and in health care. In ethics research within nursing science, equality is a key concept but the meaning of its contents is more or less presumptive.
The purpose of this study was to define the concept of equality as a value of nursing ethics research.
Data were collected through systematic literature review and analysed using deductive and inductive content analysis.
Equality has been studied as a concept and in relation to ethical theories. In nursing ethics, research on equality on theoretical and functional level is presented. These levels consist of dimensions, i.e. themes, that equality is related to. The dimensions of the theoretical level are the equality of being, i.e. universal human value, and distributive equality, i.e. equal opportunities, circumstances and results. The dimensions of functional equality included themes such as critique of distributive equality, context, difference, power and care. Critique is aimed at incompatibility of theoretical level with practice. Context raises questions of each nursing situation in relation to equality. Variation within context is closely related to differences involving parties to nursing, and it is a starting point to questions of equality. Power is understood as comprising knowledge, skills and authority that create differences and questions of equality between nurses and patients and nurses and other professionals or students. Nursing as care always includes relationship between two or more persons and needs to be inspected from the point of view of equality.
The concept of equality has been complex to achieve in practice. The dimensions of the levels of equality defined in this study provide an opportunity to reach a better understanding of equality in nursing ethics. There is still a great demand for more research on the concept of equality.
平等是西方思维方式和医疗保健中的核心概念。在护理科学的伦理学研究中，平等是一个关键概念，但其内涵或多或少具有假设性。
本研究旨在将平等概念界定为护理伦理学研究的一种价值观。
通过系统的文献综述收集数据，并运用演绎和归纳内容分析法进行分析。
平等作为一个概念以及与伦理理论相关的内容已得到研究。在护理伦理学中，呈现了关于平等在理论和功能层面的研究。这些层面由平等所涉及的维度（即主题）组成。理论层面的维度包括存在的平等，即普遍的人类价值，以及分配平等，即平等的机会、环境和结果。功能平等的维度包括诸如对分配平等的批判、背景、差异、权力和关怀等主题。批判旨在针对理论层面与实践的不相容性。背景引发了与平等相关的每个护理情境的问题。背景中的差异与护理相关各方的差异密切相关，并且是平等问题的出发点。权力被理解为包括知识、技能和权威，这些因素在护士与患者之间以及护士与其他专业人员或学生之间造成差异和平等问题。护理作为关怀总是涉及两个或更多人的关系，需要从平等的角度进行审视。
平等概念在实践中难以实现。本研究界定的平等层面维度为更好地理解护理伦理学中的平等提供了契机。对平等概念仍有大量的研究需求。
