Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 1X5, Canada.
Mol Neurobiol. 2010 Oct;42(2):124-32. doi: 10.1007/s12035-010-8143-3. Epub 2010 Jun 2.
Heat shock proteins (Hsps) are highly conserved proteins that are induced in response to various physiological and environmental stressors. HspB1 (Hsp27) is a prominent member of the small Hsps family and is strongly induced during the stress response. Notably, HspB1 has powerful neuroprotective effects, increasing the survival of cells subjected to cytotoxic stimuli. This is especially relevant to the study of the retina, where cells are subject to death due to retinal disease and injury. While HspB1 shows constitutive expression in some areas of the mammalian retina, of particular interest is the upregulation of the protein in response to ischemia and oxidative stress, traumatic nerve injury, and elevated intraocular pressure and glaucoma. Several mechanisms have been proposed to account for the cytoprotective actions of HspB1, including its role as a molecular chaperone, a stabilizer of the cytoskeleton, and a regulator of apoptosis. This review will focus on the role of HspB1 in the retina, emphasizing effects on retinal ganglion cells, by analyzing the expression, induction by stressors, and mechanisms of its neuroprotective function. Finally, the potential of HspB1 as a clinical therapeutic will be examined.
热休克蛋白（Hsps）是高度保守的蛋白质，可响应各种生理和环境应激而诱导产生。HspB1（Hsp27）是小 Hsps 家族的重要成员，在应激反应中强烈诱导产生。值得注意的是，HspB1 具有强大的神经保护作用，增加了受细胞毒性刺激的细胞的存活率。这与视网膜的研究特别相关，在视网膜疾病和损伤的情况下，细胞会死亡。虽然 HspB1 在哺乳动物视网膜的某些区域中表现出组成型表达，但特别引人注目的是该蛋白在响应缺血和氧化应激、创伤性神经损伤以及眼内压升高和青光眼时的上调。已经提出了几种机制来解释 HspB1 的细胞保护作用，包括其作为分子伴侣、细胞骨架稳定剂和细胞凋亡调节剂的作用。这篇综述将重点关注 HspB1 在视网膜中的作用，通过分析其在视网膜神经节细胞中的表达、应激诱导及其神经保护功能的机制，强调其对视网膜神经节细胞的作用。最后，将检查 HspB1 作为临床治疗的潜力。
