Division of Genetics and Development, Toronto Western Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Panminerva Med. 2010 Jun;52(2):125-47.
Repair of the chronically injured spinal presents with multiple challenges, including neuronal/axonal loss and demyelination as a result of primary injury (usually a physical insult), as well as secondary damage, which includes ischemia, inflammation, oxidative injury and glutamatergic toxicity. These processes cause neuronal loss, axonal disruption and lead to a cystic degeneration and an inhibitory astroglial scar. A promising therapeutic intervention for SCI is the use of neural stem cells. Cell replacement strategies using neural precursor cells (NPCs) and oligodendroglial precursor cells (OPCs) have been shown to replace lost/damaged cells, secrete trophic factors, regulate gliosis and scar formation, reduce cystic cavity size and axonal dieback, as well as to enhance plasticity, axonal elongation and neuroprotection. These progenitor cells can be obtained through a variety of sources, including adult neural tissue, embryonic blastocysts and adult somatic cells via induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology. The use of stem cell technology - especially autologous cell transplantation strategies - in regenerative therapy for SCI holds much promise; these therapies show high potential for clinical translation and for future disease treatment.
慢性脊髓损伤的修复存在诸多挑战，包括神经元/轴突丢失和脱髓鞘，这是原发性损伤（通常是物理损伤）以及继发性损伤的结果，包括缺血、炎症、氧化损伤和谷氨酰胺毒性。这些过程导致神经元丢失、轴突断裂，导致囊性退化和抑制性星形胶质瘢痕。对于 SCI，一种有前途的治疗干预方法是使用神经干细胞。使用神经前体细胞 (NPC) 和少突胶质前体细胞 (OPC) 的细胞替代策略已被证明可以替代丢失/受损的细胞，分泌神经营养因子，调节神经胶质增生和瘢痕形成，减少囊性腔室大小和轴突退变，并增强可塑性、轴突伸长和神经保护。这些祖细胞可以通过多种来源获得，包括成年神经组织、胚胎囊胚和成年体细胞通过诱导多能干细胞 (iPSC) 技术。干细胞技术的应用——特别是自体细胞移植策略——在 SCI 的再生治疗中具有很大的前景；这些疗法显示出很高的临床转化和未来疾病治疗的潜力。
