Calabrese G, Candura G
CiS - Comportamenti in Sicurezza, Bari.
G Ital Med Lav Ergon. 2010 Jan-Mar;32(1 Suppl A):A61-6.
The social costs deriving from the lack of occupational safety, which nowadays constitute approximately 2.8% of the GDP, tend not to come down despite the regulations, the inspections and the sanctions. The problems may be ascribed both to a shortage of systemic actions and to inappropriate training of the workers. Possible solutions are represented by the adoption of organizational models (D. Lgs. 81 art. 30) and by the implementation of protocols such as the Behavior-Based Safety (B-BS). Organisational and Management Models have been introduced with art. 30 D.Lgs. 81/2008 and with art. 6 D.Lgs. 231/2001. The comparison between their requisites and the ones specified by the OHSAS 18001 standards, confirms the partial overlapping of the Organizational Models with the Occupational Health & Safety Management Systems. Nevertheless such Systems are rarely adopted by Italian companies and their implementation still doesn't grant complete effectiveness. The B-BS protocol is proving to be a tool of extraordinary value to increase the level of safety, especially when used along with the known Health & Safety Management Systems.
因缺乏职业安全而产生的社会成本如今约占国内生产总值的2.8%，尽管有相关法规、检查和制裁措施，这一成本仍有上升趋势。这些问题既可能归因于系统性行动的不足，也可能归因于对工人的培训不当。可能的解决办法包括采用组织模式（第81号法律第30条）以及实施诸如基于行为的安全（B-BS）等协议。组织和管理模式已在第81/2008号法律第30条以及第231/2001号法律第6条中引入。将其要求与职业健康与安全评估系列标准18001所规定的要求进行比较后发现，组织模式与职业健康与安全管理体系存在部分重叠。然而，意大利公司很少采用此类体系，而且其实施仍未完全达到预期效果。事实证明，B-BS协议是提高安全水平的一项极具价值的工具，尤其是与已知的健康与安全管理体系一起使用时。
