Servizio di Medicina dello Sport, Seconda Università di Napoli, Napoli, Italy.
Clin Chem Lab Med. 2010 Jun;48(6):757-67. doi: 10.1515/CCLM.2010.179.
Muscle tissue may be damaged following intense prolonged training as a consequence of both metabolic and mechanical factors. Serum levels of skeletal muscle enzymes or proteins are markers of the functional status of muscle tissue, and vary widely in both pathological and physiological conditions. Creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, aldolase, myoglobin, troponin, aspartate aminotransferase, and carbonic anhydrase CAIII are the most useful serum markers of muscle injury, but apoptosis in muscle tissues subsequent to strenuous exercise may be also triggered by increased oxidative stress. Therefore, total antioxidant status can be used to evaluate the level of stress in muscle by other markers, such as thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, malondialdehyde, sulfhydril groups, reduced glutathione, oxidized glutathione, superoxide dismutase, catalase and others. As the various markers provide a composite picture of muscle status, we recommend using more than one to provide a better estimation of muscle stress.
肌肉组织可能会在剧烈和长期的训练后受到损伤，这是代谢和机械因素共同作用的结果。骨骼肌酶或蛋白质的血清水平是肌肉组织功能状态的标志物，在病理和生理条件下变化很大。肌酸激酶、乳酸脱氢酶、醛缩酶、肌红蛋白、肌钙蛋白、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶和碳酸酐酶 CAIII 是肌肉损伤最有用的血清标志物，但剧烈运动后肌肉组织的细胞凋亡也可能是由氧化应激增加引起的。因此，总抗氧化状态可以通过其他标志物如硫代巴比妥酸反应物质、丙二醛、巯基基团、还原型谷胱甘肽、氧化型谷胱甘肽、超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶等来评估肌肉的应激水平。由于各种标志物提供了肌肉状态的综合图像，因此我们建议使用多种标志物来更好地估计肌肉应激。
