Leman Eddy S, Gonzalgo Mark L
Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
Indian J Urol. 2010 Jan-Mar;26(1):76-81. doi: 10.4103/0970-1591.60450.
Testicular neoplasm accounts for about 1% of all cancers in men. Over the last 40 years, the incidence of testicular cancer has increased in northern European male populations for unknown reasons. When diagnosed at early stage, testicular cancer is usually curable with a high survival rate. In the past three decades, successful multidisciplinary approaches for the management of testicular cancer have significantly increased patient survival rates. Utilization of tumor markers and accurate prognostic classification has also contributed to successful therapy. In this article, we highlight the most commonly used tumor markers and several potential "novel" markers for testicular cancer as part of the ongoing effort in biomarker research and discovery. In addition, this article also identifies several key prognostic features that have been demonstrated to play a role in predicting relapse. These features include tumor size, rete testis invasion, lymphovascular invasion, and tumor histology. Together with tumor markers, these prognostic factors should be taken into account for risk-adapted management of testicular cancer.
睾丸肿瘤约占男性所有癌症的1%。在过去40年里，北欧男性人群中睾丸癌的发病率不明原因地上升。早期诊断时，睾丸癌通常可治愈，生存率很高。在过去三十年中，成功的多学科治疗方法显著提高了睾丸癌患者的生存率。肿瘤标志物的应用和准确的预后分类也有助于治疗成功。在本文中，作为生物标志物研究和发现持续努力的一部分，我们重点介绍了睾丸癌最常用的肿瘤标志物和几种潜在的“新型”标志物。此外，本文还确定了几个已被证明在预测复发中起作用的关键预后特征。这些特征包括肿瘤大小、睾丸网浸润、淋巴管浸润和肿瘤组织学。与肿瘤标志物一起，这些预后因素在睾丸癌的风险适应性管理中应予以考虑。
