Nutrition Department at the School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Nutr Rev. 2010 Jun;68(6):341-54. doi: 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2010.00296.x.
Vitamins and minerals play an important role in glucose metabolism, so understanding the impact of vitamin and mineral deficiencies and the potential utility of supplementation is relevant to the prevention and/or management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). This review investigates current evidence for relationships between selected nutrients - vitamin B complex, antioxidants (vitamin A, C, E and carotenoids), calcium, vitamin D, vitamin K, magnesium, sodium, and potassium - and glucose metabolism. The investigation reveals current evidence is not strong enough for supplementation with minerals and vitamins to be recommended on a large scale for the prevention or management of DM. In order to prevent deficiencies and maintain health, the majority of diabetic individuals should receive daily vitamins and minerals within the ranges of recommended values from consumption of natural food sources and/or fortified foods. Further studies including large samples and longer follow-up periods are necessary to ascertain the benefits of mineral and vitamin supplementation to subsets of individuals who are at increased risk for DM or its complications.
维生素和矿物质在葡萄糖代谢中发挥重要作用，因此了解维生素和矿物质缺乏的影响以及补充的潜在用途与 2 型糖尿病（DM）的预防和/或管理相关。本综述调查了选定营养素（维生素 B 复合物、抗氧化剂（维生素 A、C、E 和类胡萝卜素）、钙、维生素 D、维生素 K、镁、钠和钾）与葡萄糖代谢之间的关系的现有证据。调查结果显示，目前的证据还不够充分，不能大规模推荐补充矿物质和维生素来预防或治疗 DM。为了预防缺乏并保持健康，大多数糖尿病患者应该通过摄入天然食物来源和/或强化食品来获得每日推荐摄入量范围内的维生素和矿物质。需要进行包括大样本和更长随访期的进一步研究，以确定补充矿物质和维生素对处于 DM 或其并发症风险增加的个体亚组的益处。
