Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada.
Menopause. 2010 Sep-Oct;17(5):1035-9. doi: 10.1097/gme.0b013e3181da7915.
We showed that isoflavones and exercise improve total and abdominal fat mass (FM) to a greater extent than does exercise alone in postmenopausal women, but not other cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. Fat-free mass (FFM) showed a wide variability of responses, with 60% of women having increased FFM and 40% having decreased FFM. We thus wondered if women who had decreased FFM could be considered as nonresponders (NRs) to exercise and if this masked a potential synergistic effect of phytoestrogens (PHY) and exercise. The aim of this study was to verify if PHYs enhance the response obtained after aerobic and resistance exercises in CVD risk profile in exercise responders.
Among 21 women who participated in a 6-month exercise program and received PHY or placebo (PLA), 14 were exercise responders (PHY, n = 8; PLA, n = 6) whereas 7 were NRs. Body weight, waist circumference, FM, and FFM were assessed (dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry). Plasma glucose, insulin, sex hormone-binding globulin, and testosterone levels were obtained after a 12-hour overnight fast. Total energy intake was measured with a 3-day dietary record. All measurements were performed before and after the intervention.
After exercise training, the PHY and PLA groups, but not the NR group, had increased FFM (0.01 < P < 0.03). On the other hand, body weight, FM, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure (0.01 < P < 0.05) decreased in the PHY group only. Furthermore, plasma insulin level (P = 0.04) and homeostasis model assessment significantly decreased (P = 0.03) while plasma sex hormone-binding globulin increased (P = 0.04) after training in the PHY group, whereas energy intake remained unchanged in both groups (0.10 < P < 0.59) after the intervention.
PHYs combined with exercise compared with exercise alone seem to improve body composition and CVD risk profile in exercise-responder women.
我们已经证实，与单纯运动相比，植物雌激素和运动能更有效地降低绝经后女性的体脂总量和腹部脂肪量（FM），但对其他心血管疾病（CVD）风险因素没有影响。去脂体重（FFM）的反应差异较大，有 60%的女性 FFM 增加，40%的女性 FFM 减少。因此，我们想知道 FFM 减少的女性是否可以被视为运动的无应答者（NR），而这是否掩盖了植物雌激素（PHY）和运动的潜在协同效应。本研究旨在验证 PHY 是否能增强运动应答者在 CVD 风险特征下，经过有氧和抗阻运动后的反应。
在 21 名参加 6 个月运动计划并接受 PHY 或安慰剂（PLA）的女性中，有 14 名是运动应答者（PHY 组，n=8；PLA 组，n=6），而 7 名是非应答者（NR）。采用双能 X 射线吸收法（DXA）评估体重、腰围、FM 和 FFM。空腹 12 小时后，检测血浆葡萄糖、胰岛素、性激素结合球蛋白和睾酮水平。通过 3 天的饮食记录来测量总能量摄入。所有测量均在干预前后进行。
运动训练后，PHY 和 PLA 组而非 NR 组的 FFM 增加（0.01<P<0.03）。另一方面，仅 PHY 组的体重、FM、收缩压和舒张压（0.01<P<0.05）降低。此外，PHY 组训练后血浆胰岛素水平（P=0.04）和稳态模型评估显著降低（P=0.03），而血浆性激素结合球蛋白增加（P=0.04），而两组的能量摄入在干预后均保持不变（0.10<P<0.59）。
与单纯运动相比，植物雌激素联合运动似乎能改善运动应答者女性的身体成分和 CVD 风险特征。
