Mares Julie A, Voland Rick, Adler Rachel, Tinker Lesley, Millen Amy E, Moeller Suzen M, Blodi Barbara, Gehrs Karen M, Wallace Robert B, Chappell Richard J, Neuhouser Marian L, Sarto Gloria E
Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53726-2336, USA.
Arch Ophthalmol. 2010 Jun;128(6):738-49. doi: 10.1001/archophthalmol.2010.84.
To assess the association between healthy diet scores and prevalence of nuclear cataract in women.
The association between healthy diet scores, which reflect adherence to the US dietary guidelines, and prevalence of nuclear cataract determined 4 to 7 years later was assessed in a sample of Women's Health Initiative Observational Study participants (aged 50-79 years) residing in Iowa, Wisconsin, and Oregon. Scores on the 1995 Healthy Eating Index, which reflect adherence to 1990 guidelines, were assigned from responses to food frequency questionnaires at the Women's Health Initiative baseline (1994-1998). Presence of nuclear cataract was determined from slitlamp photographs and self-reports of cataract extractions were assessed from May 1, 2001, to January 31, 2004, in 1808 women participating in the Carotenoids in Age-Related Eye Disease Study.
Having a high 1995 Healthy Eating Index score was the strongest modifiable predictor of low prevalence of nuclear cataract among numerous risk factors investigated in this sample. The multivariate-adjusted odds ratio for high vs low quintile for diet score was 0.63 (95% confidence interval, 0.43-0.91). Higher prevalence of nuclear cataract was also associated with other modifiable factors (smoking and marked obesity) and nonmodifiable factors (having brown eyes, myopia, and high pulse pressure). Vitamin supplement use was not related to cataract.
These data add to the body of evidence suggesting that eating foods rich in a variety of vitamins and minerals may contribute to postponing the occurrence of the most common type of cataract in the United States.
评估健康饮食评分与女性核性白内障患病率之间的关联。
在爱荷华州、威斯康星州和俄勒冈州居住的女性健康倡议观察性研究参与者（年龄50 - 79岁）样本中，评估反映对美国饮食指南遵循情况的健康饮食评分与4至7年后核性白内障患病率之间的关联。根据女性健康倡议基线（1994 - 1998年）食物频率问卷的回答，赋予反映对1990年指南遵循情况的1995年健康饮食指数评分。2001年5月1日至2004年1月31日，在1808名参与年龄相关性眼病研究中类胡萝卜素研究的女性中，通过裂隙灯照片确定核性白内障的存在，并评估白内障摘除的自我报告情况。
在该样本中调查的众多风险因素中，1995年健康饮食指数得分高是核性白内障低患病率最强的可改变预测因素。饮食评分高五分位数与低五分位数的多变量调整优势比为0.63（95%置信区间，0.43 - ）。核性白内障的较高患病率还与其他可改变因素（吸烟和明显肥胖）和不可改变因素（棕色眼睛、近视和高脉压）有关。维生素补充剂的使用与白内障无关。
这些数据增加了证据表明，食用富含多种维生素和矿物质的食物可能有助于推迟美国最常见类型白内障的发生。
