McCann Laura, Hughes Carmel M, Adair Colin G
School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK.
Pharm World Sci. 2010 Aug;32(4):536-43. doi: 10.1007/s11096-010-9405-x. Epub 2010 Jun 18.
Using a self-reported work sampling methodology this study investigated how community pharmacists utilised their time, and quantified how much time pharmacists devoted to specific activities.
Community pharmacies (n = 30) in the Greater Belfast area.
A classification system was developed to define all activities (professional, semi-professional, and non-professional tasks) which could potentially be performed by a community pharmacist in the course of a normal working day (from 9.00 to 6.00 pm). A random bleeper device was used which was programmed to bleep randomly approximately 13 times per day (over 12 days) at which time the pharmacist recorded their precise activity (using the classification system) at that time on a proforma. All completed data sheets for each pharmacy were entered into an Excel spreadsheet, where the number of observations for each activity was expressed as a proportion of the total number of observations per day. Statistical analysis was carried out in SPSS, comparing these data to similar data which had been collected in 1998.
Pharmacists in this study were found to spend approximately 49% of their time engaged in professional activities, 31% in semi-professional activities and 20% involved in non-professional activities which was similar to that reported in 1998. Most time was spent on assembly and labelling of products, whilst staff training occupied the least amount of pharmacists' time. Pharmacists with a prescription volume of less than 1,499 per month spent significantly more time counselling patients on OTC medicines and responding to symptoms than those dispensing 1,500 items/month or more (P = 0.027). Pharmacists who employed a pre-registration student apportioned less time to the assembly and labelling of products compared to those without a student (P = 0.08). Pharmacists with three or more staff spent less time on coding and endorsing of prescriptions compared to those with less staff (P = 0.086).
Pharmacists in this study are spending more time checking prescriptions (essential component of pharmaceutical care) and are still managing to spend only 20% of their time on non-professional activities. However, there had been relatively little change in the way in which pharmacists in this sample spent their time compared to a previous study.
本研究采用自我报告的工作抽样方法，调查社区药剂师如何利用他们的时间，并量化药剂师投入到特定活动中的时间。
大贝尔法斯特地区的社区药房（n = 30）。
开发了一个分类系统来定义所有活动（专业、半专业和非专业任务），这些活动可能由社区药剂师在正常工作日（上午9点至下午6点）进行。使用了一种随机传呼设备，该设备被编程为每天随机传呼大约13次（持续12天），此时药剂师在表格上记录他们当时的确切活动（使用分类系统）。每个药房所有完成的数据表都被输入到一个Excel电子表格中，其中每个活动的观察次数表示为每天总观察次数的比例。在SPSS中进行统计分析，将这些数据与1998年收集的类似数据进行比较。
本研究发现，药剂师大约49%的时间用于专业活动，31%用于半专业活动，20%用于非专业活动，这与1998年报告的情况相似。大部分时间花在产品的组装和贴标签上，而员工培训占用药剂师的时间最少。每月处方量少于1499张的药剂师在为患者提供非处方药咨询和应对症状方面花费时间显著多于那些每月配药1500张及以上的药剂师（P = 0.027）。与没有预注册学生的药剂师相比，雇佣预注册学生的药剂师在产品组装和贴标签上分配的时间更少（P = 0.08）。与员工较少的药剂师相比，有三名或更多员工的药剂师在处方编码和签注上花费的时间更少（P = 0.086）。
本研究中的药剂师在检查处方（药学服务的重要组成部分）上花费的时间更多，并且仍能将仅20%的时间用于非专业活动。然而，与之前的研究相比，本样本中药剂师利用时间的方式变化相对较小。
