Arola D, Bajaj D, Ivancik J, Majd H, Zhang D
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250.
Int J Fatigue. 2010 Sep 1;32(9):1400-1412. doi: 10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2009.08.007.
The fatigue and fracture behavior of hard tissues are topics of considerable interest today. This special group of organic materials comprises the highly mineralized and load-bearing tissues of the human body, and includes bone, cementum, dentin and enamel. An understanding of their fatigue behavior and the influence of loading conditions and physiological factors (e.g. aging and disease) on the mechanisms of degradation are essential for achieving lifelong health. But there is much more to this topic than the immediate medical issues. There are many challenges to characterizing the fatigue behavior of hard tissues, much of which is attributed to size constraints and the complexity of their microstructure. The relative importance of the constituents on the type and distribution of defects, rate of coalescence, and their contributions to the initiation and growth of cracks, are formidable topics that have not reached maturity. Hard tissues also provide a medium for learning and a source of inspiration in the design of new microstructures for engineering materials. This article briefly reviews fatigue of hard tissues with shared emphasis on current understanding, the challenges and the unanswered questions.
硬组织的疲劳和断裂行为是当今备受关注的话题。这类特殊的有机材料构成了人体高度矿化且承受负荷的组织，包括骨骼、牙骨质、牙本质和牙釉质。了解它们的疲劳行为以及加载条件和生理因素（如衰老和疾病）对降解机制的影响，对于实现终身健康至关重要。但这个话题远不止眼前的医学问题。表征硬组织的疲劳行为存在诸多挑战，其中大部分归因于尺寸限制及其微观结构的复杂性。各组成部分对缺陷类型和分布、聚结速率以及它们对裂纹萌生和扩展的贡献的相对重要性，是尚未成熟的艰巨课题。硬组织还为工程材料新型微观结构的设计提供了学习媒介和灵感来源。本文简要回顾硬组织的疲劳，重点共同关注当前的认识、挑战和未解决的问题。
