Britton John
Centre for Tobacco Control Studies, Nottingham City Hospital.
Practitioner. 2010 May;254(1729):27-30, 3.
Passive smoking in children accounts for an estimated 300,000 general practice consultations in the UK each year, the majority of which are for middle ear disease. There are also more than 100,000 asthma consultations in children attributable to passive smoking. Active maternal smoking causes up to about 5,000 miscarriages, 300 perinatal deaths, and 2,200 premature singleton births in the UK each year. Living in a household in which one or more people smoke more than doubles the risk of sudden infant death. Smoking by the mother increases the riskof lower respiratory infections by about 60%, and smoking by any household member by more than 50%. Passive smoking increases the risk of wheezing at all ages. The effect is strongest for smoking by the mother, with increases in risk of 65% to 77% according to the age of the child. It also increases the risk of asthma, with the risk increased by household smoking by about 50%, in school-aged children, and for middle ear disease, the risk is increased by about 35%. The simplest way to prevent passive exposure of children to tobacco smoke is to encourage and support their parents to quit smoking.
在英国，儿童被动吸烟每年估计导致30万次全科医疗咨询，其中大部分是关于中耳疾病的。此外，因被动吸烟导致的儿童哮喘咨询超过10万次。母亲在孕期吸烟每年在英国导致多达约5000例流产、300例围产期死亡以及2200例单胎早产。生活在有一人或多人吸烟的家庭中，婴儿猝死风险会增加一倍多。母亲吸烟使下呼吸道感染风险增加约60%，任何家庭成员吸烟使风险增加超过50%。被动吸烟会增加各年龄段喘息的风险。母亲吸烟的影响最为强烈，根据孩子年龄不同，风险增加65%至77%。它还会增加哮喘风险，在学龄儿童中，家庭吸烟使风险增加约50%，对于中耳疾病，风险增加约35%。防止儿童被动接触烟草烟雾的最简单方法是鼓励并支持他们的父母戒烟。
