Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals 203-196 Innovation Drive, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 6C5, Canada.
BMC Pediatr. 2010 Jun 17;10:43. doi: 10.1186/1471-2431-10-43.
Complementary feeding is currently recommended after six months of age, when the nutrients in breast milk alone are no longer adequate to support growth. Few studies have examined macro- and micro-nutrient intakes from complementary foods (CF) only. Our purpose was to assess the sources and nutritional contribution of CF over the first year of life.
In July 2003, a cross-sectional survey was conducted on a nationally representative sample of mothers with infants aged three to 12 months. The survey was administered evenly across all regions of the country and included a four-day dietary record to assess infants' CF intakes in household (tablespoon) measures (breast milk and formula intakes excluded). Records from 2,663 infants were analyzed for nutrient and CF food intake according to 12 categories. Mean daily intakes for infants at each month of age from CF were pooled and compared to the Dietary Reference Intakes for the respective age range.
At three months of age, 83% of infants were already consuming infant cereals. Fruits and vegetables were among the most common foods consumed by infants at all ages, while meats were least common at all ages except 12 months. Macro- and micro-nutrient intakes from CF generally increased with age. All mean nutrient intakes, except vitamin D and iron, met CF recommendations at seven to 12 months.
Complementary foods were introduced earlier than recommended. Although mean nutrient intakes from CF at six to 12 months appear to be adequate among Canadian infants, further attention to iron and vitamin D intakes and sources may be warranted.
目前建议在六个月龄后开始添加补充食物，因为此时母乳中的营养已无法满足婴儿生长的需求。仅有少数研究关注了补充食物中的宏量和微量营养素的摄入量。本研究旨在评估婴儿一岁内补充食物的来源和营养贡献。
2003 年 7 月，对 3 至 12 月龄的母婴进行了一项全国代表性的横断面调查。该调查在全国各地区均匀开展，包括为期四天的膳食记录，以评估婴儿在家中（汤匙）摄入的补充食物量（母乳和配方奶摄入量除外）。根据 12 个类别，对 2663 名婴儿的记录进行了营养素和补充食物摄入的分析。汇总了每个月龄婴儿从补充食物中获得的平均日摄入量，并与相应年龄段的膳食参考摄入量进行了比较。
在三个月龄时，83%的婴儿已经开始食用婴儿谷物。水果和蔬菜是所有年龄段婴儿最常食用的食物，而肉类在所有年龄段均最不常见，除了 12 月龄。随着年龄的增长，从补充食物中获得的宏量和微量营养素摄入量普遍增加。除维生素 D 和铁外，所有平均营养素摄入量在 7 至 12 个月时均符合补充食物的建议摄入量。
补充食物的引入早于建议时间。尽管 6 至 12 个月龄婴儿从补充食物中获得的平均营养素摄入量似乎充足，但可能需要进一步关注铁和维生素 D 的摄入量和来源。
