Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
PLoS One. 2010 Jun 17;5(6):e10774. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0010774.
We have recently described a novel type of glial cell that is scattered across the inner layers of the avian retina [1]. These cells are stimulated by insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) to proliferate, migrate distally into the retina, and up-regulate the nestin-related intermediate filament transition. These changes in glial activity correspond with increased susceptibility of neurons to excitotoxic damage. This novel cell-type has been termed the Non-astrocytic Inner Retinal Glia-like (NIRG) cells. The purpose of the study was to investigate whether the retinas of non-avian species contain cells that resemble NIRG cells. We assayed for NIRG cells by probing for the expression of Sox2, Sox9, Nkx2.2, vimentin and nestin. NIRG cells were distinguished from astrocytes by a lack of expression for Glial Fibrilliary Acidic Protein (GFAP). We examined the retinas of adult mice, guinea pigs, dogs and monkeys (Macaca fasicularis). In the mouse retina and optic nerve head, we identified numerous astrocytes that expressed GFAP, S100beta, Sox2 and Sox9; however, we found no evidence for NIRG-like cells that were positive for Nkx2.2, nestin, and negative for GFAP. In the guinea pig retina, we did not find astrocytes or NIRG cells in the retina, whereas we identified astrocytes in the optic nerve. In the eyes of dogs and monkeys, we found astrocytes and NIRG-like cells scattered across inner layers of the retina and within the optic nerve. We conclude that NIRG-like cells are present in the retinas of canines and non-human primates, whereas the retinas of mice and guinea pigs do not contain NIRG cells.
我们最近描述了一种新型的神经胶质细胞，它分散在禽类视网膜的内层[1]。这些细胞受到胰岛素样生长因子 1（IGF1）的刺激而增殖，向视网膜远端迁移，并上调巢蛋白相关中间丝转换。神经胶质细胞活性的这些变化与神经元对兴奋毒性损伤的易感性增加相对应。这种新型细胞类型被称为非星形胶质细胞内视网膜神经胶质样（NIRG）细胞。本研究的目的是研究非禽类物种的视网膜是否含有类似于 NIRG 细胞的细胞。我们通过探测 Sox2、Sox9、Nkx2.2、波形蛋白和巢蛋白的表达来检测 NIRG 细胞。NIRG 细胞通过缺乏胶质纤维酸性蛋白（GFAP）的表达来与星形胶质细胞区分开来。我们检查了成年小鼠、豚鼠、狗和猴子（猕猴）的视网膜。在小鼠视网膜和视神经头部，我们鉴定了许多表达 GFAP、S100beta、Sox2 和 Sox9 的星形胶质细胞；然而，我们没有发现对 Nkx2.2、巢蛋白呈阳性且对 GFAP 呈阴性的 NIRG 样细胞的证据。在豚鼠视网膜中，我们没有在视网膜中发现星形胶质细胞或 NIRG 细胞，而在视神经中发现了星形胶质细胞。在狗和猴子的眼睛中，我们发现星形胶质细胞和 NIRG 样细胞散在视网膜内层和视神经内。我们得出结论，NIRG 样细胞存在于犬科动物和非人类灵长类动物的视网膜中，而小鼠和豚鼠的视网膜中则不存在 NIRG 细胞。
