Nursing Health Services Research Unit, McMaster University Site, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
J Adv Nurs. 2009 Oct;65(10):2216-28. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2009.05104.x.
The aim of this paper is to describe the development and testing of a questionnaire intended to determine key professionalism attributes and key environmental attributes that influence the professionalism of nurses in their practice environments.
Rapid changes in the healthcare sector and human resource shortages have had an impact on the stability of global work environments, making maintaining professionalism a challenge. The literature consists of descriptive research, opinion and theoretical papers.
The Professionalism and Environmental Factors in the Workplace Questionnaire was developed and tested from 2005 to 2007 in three phases: item generation, pretesting and pilot testing. Convenience sampling was used to obtain representative samples of the target population in the pretest and pilot test. Mailed survey methodology was used in the pretest and pilot test. Sample sizes for the pretest and pilot test were 46 and 848 respectively.
Psychometric testing indicated preliminary instrument validity and reliability. Factor analysis resulted in stable factors that mirrored the conceptual basis of the questionnaire. The results summarize nurses' ratings of professionalism and environmental attributes that play a role in their work lives.
The questionnaire helps nurses reflect on their practice and provides a starting point for discussion, planning and implementation of methods to support professionalism in practice and healthy work environments. It is internationally relevant because professionalism is a construct that transcends culture. Confirmatory factor analysis is needed to validate the results of this study. Testing with populations in different settings and additional validity and reliability testing will strengthen the questionnaire.
本文旨在描述一份问卷的开发和测试过程，该问卷旨在确定影响护士在实践环境中专业精神的关键专业属性和关键环境属性。
医疗保健部门的快速变化和人力资源短缺对全球工作环境的稳定性产生了影响，使得保持专业精神成为一项挑战。文献包括描述性研究、意见和理论论文。
《工作场所专业精神和环境因素问卷》于 2005 年至 2007 年分三个阶段开发和测试：项目生成、预测试和试点测试。在预测试和试点测试中，使用方便抽样获得目标人群的代表性样本。预测试和试点测试均采用邮寄调查方法。预测试和试点测试的样本量分别为 46 和 848。
心理测试表明初步仪器的有效性和可靠性。因素分析得出了稳定的因素，反映了问卷的概念基础。结果总结了护士对在其工作生活中发挥作用的专业精神和环境属性的评价。
该问卷有助于护士反思自己的实践，并为讨论、规划和实施支持实践中的专业精神和健康工作环境的方法提供了起点。它具有国际相关性，因为专业精神是一种超越文化的结构。需要进行验证性因素分析来验证本研究的结果。在不同环境的人群中进行测试，并进行额外的有效性和可靠性测试，将加强问卷的有效性和可靠性。
