Shbair M K S, Lhermitte M
UDSL, université Lille Nord de France, rue Laguesse, 59000 Lille, France.
Ann Pharm Fr. 2010 May;68(3):136-47. doi: 10.1016/j.pharma.2010.03.005. Epub 2010 May 15.
Drug-facilitated crimes are not a new phenomenon but rather an age-old practice. However, reports of drug-facilitated crimes have significantly increased since the mid-1990s. Victims of these crimes or offences report that they were robbed or assaulted while incapacitated by a drug. Most often, these cases have involved strong central nervous system depressant drugs, which have the capability of preventing individuals from consenting to the action of the perpetrator of fighting off their attackers. For all intents and purposes, the drug acts as the offender's weapon, therefore many jurisdictions require analytical proof of its presence, which helps substantiate the alleged victim's claim. This review was undertaken to identify the evolutionary process in the current understanding of allegations of these crimes or offences, so that whoever works in this field may gain a better understanding of the complexities involved in such cases. This review provides several definitions of drug-facilitated crimes, their prevalence in European and English-speaking countries, a list of intoxicating substances, which have so far been incriminated or been suspected to be involved in these crimes or offences, some of the more common difficulties encountered in the investigation, and recommendations to improve detection of the drugs through toxicological analyses.
药物助长犯罪并非新现象，而是由来已久的行为。然而，自20世纪90年代中期以来，药物助长犯罪的报告显著增加。这些犯罪行为的受害者称，他们在因药物而丧失行为能力时遭到抢劫或袭击。最常见的情况是，这些案件涉及强效中枢神经系统抑制药物，这些药物能够使个人无法对犯罪者的行为表示同意或抵抗攻击者。实际上，药物充当了犯罪者的武器，因此许多司法管辖区要求提供药物存在的分析证据，这有助于证实据称受害者的说法。进行这项综述是为了确定当前对这些犯罪指控的理解的演变过程，以便该领域的工作人员能够更好地理解此类案件所涉及的复杂性。本综述提供了药物助长犯罪的几种定义、它们在欧洲和英语国家的流行情况、一份迄今为止已被认定有罪或涉嫌与这些犯罪有关的致醉物质清单、调查中遇到的一些较常见困难，以及通过毒理学分析改进药物检测的建议。
