Pappagallo S, Ferri L, Virdis M P, Ciaccio B, Bombardieri D
U.O. Anestesia e Rianimazione, USL n. 18, Presidio Ospedaliero di Empoli, Firenze.
Minerva Anestesiol. 1991 Jan-Feb;57(1-2):35-7.
Postoperative analgesia and side effects of epidural morphine (3 mg in 5 ml saline) were studied in 30 patients scheduled for Milligan-Morgan surgery. The patients were pain-free for a mean duration of 10-12 hr. Urinary retention was the most prominent side effect observed.
对30例计划行Milligan-Morgan手术的患者研究了硬膜外注射吗啡（3毫克溶于5毫升生理盐水中）的术后镇痛效果及副作用。患者平均10 - 12小时无痛。观察到的最突出的副作用是尿潴留。
