女性性工作者和吸毒者的子女：脆弱性、适应力和以家庭为中心的关怀模式述评。
Children of female sex workers and drug users: a review of vulnerability, resilience and family-centred models of care.
机构信息
Center for Global Health and Development, Boston University, 801 Massachusetts Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
出版信息
J Int AIDS Soc. 2010 Jun 23;13 Suppl 2(Suppl 2):S6. doi: 10.1186/1758-2652-13-S2-S6.
BACKGROUND
Injection drug users and female sex workers are two of the populations most at risk for becoming infected with HIV in countries with concentrated epidemics. Many of the adults who fall into these categories are also parents, but little is known about the vulnerabilities faced by their children, their children's sources of resilience, or programmes providing services to these often fragile families. This review synthesizes evidence from disparate sources describing the vulnerabilities and resilience of the children of female sex workers and drug users, and documents some models of care that have been put in place to assist them.
REVIEW
A large literature assessing the vulnerability and resilience of children of drug users and alcoholics in developed countries was found. Research on the situation of the children of sex workers is extremely limited. Children of drug users and sex workers can face unique risks, stigma and discrimination, but both child vulnerability and resilience are associated in the drug use literature with the physical and mental health of parents and family context. Family-centred interventions have been implemented in low- and middle-income contexts, but they tend to be small, piecemeal and struggling to meet demand; they are poorly documented, and most have not been formally evaluated. We present preliminary descriptive data from an organization working with pregnant and new mothers who are drug users in Ukraine and from an organization providing services to sex workers and their families in Zambia.
CONCLUSIONS
Because parents' drug use or sex work is often illegal and hidden, identifying their children can be difficult and may increase children's vulnerability and marginalization. Researchers and service providers, therefore, need to proceed with caution when attempting to reach these populations, but documentation and evaluation of current programmes should be prioritized.
背景
在集中流行的国家，注射吸毒者和女性性工作者是感染艾滋病毒风险最高的人群之一。许多属于这两类人群的成年人也是父母，但对于他们的孩子所面临的脆弱性、孩子的适应力来源，或为这些往往脆弱的家庭提供服务的方案，人们知之甚少。本综述综合了来自不同来源的证据，描述了女性性工作者和吸毒者子女的脆弱性和适应力，并记录了一些旨在帮助他们的护理模式。
综述
发现了大量评估发达国家吸毒者和酗酒者子女脆弱性和适应力的文献。关于性工作者子女情况的研究极为有限。吸毒者和性工作者的子女可能面临独特的风险、污名化和歧视，但在吸毒文献中，儿童的脆弱性和适应力都与父母的身心健康和家庭环境有关。在中低收入国家，已经实施了以家庭为中心的干预措施，但这些措施往往规模较小、零碎且难以满足需求；它们记录不佳，大多数都没有经过正式评估。我们从一个在乌克兰为吸毒的孕妇和新妈妈提供服务的组织以及一个为性工作者及其家庭提供服务的组织中，提供了初步的描述性数据。
结论
由于父母的吸毒或性工作往往是非法和隐蔽的，因此识别他们的孩子可能很困难，这可能会增加孩子的脆弱性和边缘化。因此，研究人员和服务提供者在试图接触这些人群时需要谨慎行事，但应优先记录和评估当前的方案。
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