Utah State University, Department of Languages, Philosophy, and Speech Communication, 0720 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322, USA.
J Soc Psychol. 2010 May-Jun;150(3):278-300. doi: 10.1080/00224540903510811.
This study examined the effects of background nonverbal behavior displayed with the purpose of undermining one's opponent in televised debates. Students watched one of four versions of a televised debate. In each, while the speaking debater appeared on the main screen, subscreens displayed her nonspeaking opponent's background nonverbal behavior. In one version, the non-speaking debater remained "stone faced" during her opponent's speech, while in the other three she nonverbally displayed occasional disagreement, nearly constant disagreement, or both agreement and disagreement. After viewing the debates, students rated the debaters' credibility, appropriateness, objectivity, and debate skills, in addition to judging who won the debate. Analysis indicated that background nonverbal behavior influenced audience perceptions of debaters' credibility, appropriateness, objectivity, debate skill, and the extent to which the debate was won. These results suggest that adding nonverbal agreement to expressions of nonverbal disagreement do not reduce the negative impacts of communicating disagreement nonverbally during an opponent's speech and may in fact further decrease the audiences' perception of a debater's credibility and overall performance.
这项研究考察了在电视辩论中为破坏对手而展示的背景非言语行为的影响。学生观看了四个版本的电视辩论之一。在每个版本中，当演讲辩论者出现在主屏幕上时，副屏幕会显示她不说话的对手的背景非言语行为。在一个版本中，不说话的辩论者在她的对手演讲时保持“面无表情”，而在其他三个版本中，她偶尔、几乎一直或同时表示不同意。观看辩论后，学生们除了判断谁赢得了辩论外，还对辩论者的可信度、适当性、客观性和辩论技巧进行了评价。分析表明，背景非言语行为会影响观众对辩论者可信度、适当性、客观性、辩论技巧以及辩论胜负程度的看法。这些结果表明，在对手讲话时用非言语表达不同意的同时添加非言语同意并不会减少传达不同意的负面影响，实际上可能进一步降低观众对辩论者可信度和整体表现的看法。
