Linkenhoker Jan R, Burkholder Tanya H, Linton Cg Garry, Walden April, Abusakran-Monday Kim A, Rosero Ana P, Foltz Charmaine J
Division of Veterinary Resources, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
J Am Assoc Lab Anim Sci. 2010 May;49(3):344-51.
The goal of this study was to identify an injectable anesthetic protocol that provides sedation sufficient for peripheral vascular catheterization, intubation, and transport while minimizing cardiovascular changes in Yorkshire and Yucatan pigs with and without cardiovascular injury and intervention (CI). Phase 1 examined the safety and efficacy of acepromazine-ketamine, diazepam-ketamine, midazolam-ketamine, and medetomidine-ketamine in 5 healthy Yorkshire pigs. For each drug combination, we obtained multiple measurements of heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate, temperature, sedation score, ability to catheterize and intubate, and recovery score. Phase 2 evaluated and refined the dose of the most effective Phase 1 anesthetic combination (midazolam-ketamine) in healthy and CI Yorkshire pigs (n = 53 trials). Phase 3 mirrored Phase 2 but tested midazolam-ketamine in healthy and CI Yucatan pigs (n = 34 trials). Midazolam (0.5 mg/kg)-ketamine (25 to 27 mg/kg) was the most effective anesthetic combination in healthy Yorkshire pigs, but this dose was less effective in healthy Yucatan pigs and CI Yorkshire and Yucatan pigs. Midazolam-ketamine resulted in tachycardia and apnea more frequently in CI pigs than healthy pigs. This combination also caused vomiting in one CI Yucatan pig. Overall, midazolam-ketamine provided safe and effective sedation for catheterization and intubation of both healthy and CI pigs. This study suggests Yucatan pigs may require a higher dose midazolam-ketamine to achieve the same level of sedation as that in Yorkshire pigs. Although anesthetic complication rates were higher in CI pigs, our results indicate that midazolam-ketamine can be safely used for sedation of both pig breeds with and without CI.
本研究的目的是确定一种可注射麻醉方案，该方案能提供足以进行外周血管插管、气管插管和转运的镇静效果，同时将有或无心血管损伤及干预（CI）的约克夏猪和尤卡坦猪的心血管变化降至最低。第一阶段研究了乙酰丙嗪-氯胺酮、地西泮-氯胺酮、咪达唑仑-氯胺酮和美托咪定-氯胺酮在5只健康约克夏猪中的安全性和有效性。对于每种药物组合，我们多次测量了心率、血压、呼吸频率、体温、镇静评分、插管和气管插管能力以及恢复评分。第二阶段评估并优化了第一阶段最有效的麻醉组合（咪达唑仑-氯胺酮）在健康和患有CI的约克夏猪中的剂量（n = 53次试验）。第三阶段与第二阶段类似，但在健康和患有CI的尤卡坦猪中测试了咪达唑仑-氯胺酮（n = 34次试验）。咪达唑仑（0.5 mg/kg）-氯胺酮（25至27 mg/kg）在健康约克夏猪中是最有效的麻醉组合，但该剂量在健康尤卡坦猪以及患有CI的约克夏猪和尤卡坦猪中效果较差。与健康猪相比，咪达唑仑-氯胺酮在患有CI的猪中更频繁地导致心动过速和呼吸暂停。这种组合还导致一只患有CI的尤卡坦猪呕吐。总体而言，咪达唑仑-氯胺酮为健康猪和患有CI的猪的插管和气管插管提供了安全有效的镇静效果。本研究表明，尤卡坦猪可能需要更高剂量的咪达唑仑-氯胺酮才能达到与约克夏猪相同的镇静水平。虽然患有CI的猪的麻醉并发症发生率较高，但我们的结果表明，咪达唑仑-氯胺酮可安全用于有或无CI的两种猪的镇静。
