Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-0580, USA.
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2010 Aug;11(8):556-66. doi: 10.1038/nrm2937. Epub 2010 Jun 30.
The endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRTs) catalyse one of the most unusual membrane remodelling events in cell biology. ESCRT-I and ESCRT-II direct membrane budding away from the cytosol by stabilizing bud necks without coating the buds and without being consumed in the buds. ESCRT-III cleaves the bud necks from their cytosolic faces. ESCRT-III-mediated membrane neck cleavage is crucial for many processes, including the biogenesis of multivesicular bodies, viral budding, cytokinesis and, probably, autophagy. Recent studies of ultrastructures induced by ESCRT-III overexpression in cells and the in vitro reconstitution of the budding and scission reactions have led to breakthroughs in understanding these remarkable membrane reactions.
内体分选复合物需要运输（ESCRTs）催化细胞生物学中最不寻常的膜重塑事件之一。ESCRT-I 和 ESCRT-II 通过稳定芽颈而不覆盖芽颈且不消耗芽颈，从而将膜从细胞质中引导出来。ESCRT-III 从细胞质面切割芽颈。ESCRT-III 介导的膜颈切割对于许多过程至关重要，包括多泡体的生物发生、病毒出芽、胞质分裂以及可能的自噬。最近对 ESCRT-III 过表达在细胞中诱导的超微结构的研究以及出芽和分裂反应的体外重建，导致对这些显著的膜反应的理解取得了突破。
