Laboratoire Molecules de Communication et Adaptation des Micro-organismes, FRE 3206 CNRS, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 57 Rue Cuvier (C.P. 54), Paris, France.
J Nat Prod. 2010 Jul 23;73(7):1277-82. doi: 10.1021/np100175x.
Chemical investigation of the Mediterranean calcareous sponge Clathrina clathrus led to the isolation of large amounts of a new 2-aminoimidazole alkaloid, named clathridimine (1), along with the known clathridine (2) and its zinc complex (3). The structure of the new metabolite was assigned by detailed spectroscopic analysis. Clathridimine (1) displayed selective anti-Escherichia coli and anti-Candida albicans activities. Clathridine (2) showed only anti-Candida albicans activity, and its zinc complex (3) exhibited selective anti-Staphylococcus aureus activity. The isolation of analogues of 2-amino-imidazole derivatives from several Leucetta species from various sites in the Pacific Ocean and the Red Sea raises the question of their biosynthetic origin. Microscopic studies revealed abundant extracellular bacteria located in the mesohyl of the sponge, with two predominant morphotypes including spiral bacteria and long, narrow bacilli. Chemical analysis with HPLC/UV/ELSD profiles of sponge cells separated from bacteria by differential centrifugation and trypsinization of the sponge cell surface revealed that clathridine (2) was localized in the sponge cells.
地中海钙质海绵 Clathrina clathrus 的化学成分研究导致了一种新的 2-氨基咪唑生物碱的大量分离，命名为 clathridimine（1），以及已知的 clathridine（2）及其锌配合物（3）。新代谢物的结构通过详细的光谱分析确定。Clathridimine（1）表现出对大肠杆菌和白色念珠菌的选择性抑制活性。Clathridine（2）仅对白色念珠菌具有活性，其锌配合物（3）对金黄色葡萄球菌具有选择性抑制活性。从太平洋和红海不同地点的几种 Leucetta 物种中分离出 2-氨基咪唑衍生物的类似物，提出了它们的生物合成起源问题。显微镜研究显示，大量的胞外细菌位于海绵的中胶层，其中包括两种主要的形态，包括螺旋菌和长而窄的杆菌。通过差速离心分离出与细菌分离的海绵细胞，并对海绵细胞表面进行胰蛋白酶处理，用 HPLC/UV/ELSD 图谱进行化学分析表明，clathridine（2）定位于海绵细胞中。
