Pediatric Sleep and Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA.
Sleep Med. 2010 Aug;11(7):622-7. doi: 10.1016/j.sleep.2009.11.018.
Childhood arousals, awakenings, and sleep disturbances during the night are common problems for both patients and their families. Additionally, inadequate sleep may contribute to daytime sleepiness, behavioral problems, and other important consequences of pediatric sleep disorders. Arousals, awakenings, and sleep disturbances can be quantified by routine polysomnography, and arousal scoring is generally performed as part of the standard polysomnogram. Here, we review current approaches to quantification of arousals and sleep disturbances and examine outcomes that have been associated with these measures. Initial data suggest that computer-assisted identification of non-visible arousals, cyclic alternating patterns, or respiratory cycle-related EEG changes may complement what can be accomplished by human scorers. Focus on contiguous bouts of sleep or specific sleep stages may prove similarly useful. Incorporation of autonomic arousal measures-such as heart rate variability, pulse transit time, or peripheral arterial tone-into standard reports may additionally capture subtle sleep fragmentation.
儿童期觉醒、夜间觉醒和睡眠障碍是患者及其家属常见的问题。此外，睡眠不足可能导致白天嗜睡、行为问题和其他与儿童睡眠障碍相关的重要后果。觉醒、夜间觉醒和睡眠障碍可以通过常规多导睡眠图进行量化，觉醒评分通常作为标准多导睡眠图的一部分进行。在这里，我们回顾了目前用于量化觉醒和睡眠障碍的方法，并研究了与这些指标相关的结果。初步数据表明，计算机辅助识别不可见觉醒、周期性交替模式或与呼吸周期相关的 EEG 变化，可能有助于人类评分者完成的工作。关注连续的睡眠片段或特定的睡眠阶段可能同样有用。将自主觉醒测量指标（如心率变异性、脉搏传递时间或外周动脉张力）纳入标准报告中，可能会额外捕捉到细微的睡眠片段化。
