Centre of Studies of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Vila Real, Portugal.
Sci Total Environ. 2010 Sep 15;408(20):4871-6. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2010.06.046. Epub 2010 Jul 10.
A total of 44 Escherichia coli and 64 enterococci recovered from 77 intestinal samples of wild European rabbits in Portugal were analyzed for resistance to antimicrobial agents. Resistance in E. coli isolates was observed for ampicillin, tetracycline, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, streptomycin, gentamicin, tobramycin, nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin and chloramphenicol. None of the E. coli isolates produced extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs). The bla(TEM), aadA, aac(3)-II, tet(A) and/or tet(B), and the catA genes were demonstrated in all ampicillin, streptomycin, gentamicin, tetracycline, and chloramphenicol-resistant isolates respectively, and the sul1 and/or sul2 and/or sul3 genes in 4 of 5 sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim resistant isolates. Of the enterococcal isolates, Enterococcus faecalis was the most prevalent detected species (39 isolates), followed by E. faecium (21 isolates) and E. hirae (4 isolates). More than one-fourth (29.7%) of the isolates were resistant to tetracycline; 20.3% were resistant to erythromycin, 14.1% were resistant to ciprofloxacin and 10.9% were resistant to high-level-kanamycin. Lower level of resistance (<10%) was detected for ampicillin, quinupristin/dalfopristin and high-level-gentamicin, -streptomycin. No vancomycin-resistance was detected in the enterococci isolates. Resistance genes detected included aac(6')-aph(2''), ant(6)-Ia, tet(M) and/or tet(L) in all gentamicin, streptomycin and tetracycline-resistant isolates respectively. The aph(3')-IIIa gene was detected in 6 of 7 kanamycin-resistant isolates, the erm(B) gene in 11 of 13 erythromycin-resistant isolates and the vat(D) gene in the quinupristin/dalfopristin-resistant E. faecium isolate. This survey showed that faecal bacteria such as E. coli and enterococci of wild rabbits could be a reservoir of antimicrobial resistance genes.
从葡萄牙 77 只野生欧洲兔的 77 份肠道样本中分离出的 44 株大肠杆菌和 64 株肠球菌对 44 株大肠杆菌和 64 株肠球菌进行了抗生素耐药性分析。在大肠杆菌分离株中观察到对氨苄西林、四环素、磺胺甲恶唑/甲氧苄啶、链霉素、庆大霉素、妥布霉素、萘啶酸、环丙沙星和氯霉素的耐药性。没有大肠杆菌分离株产生超广谱β-内酰胺酶 (ESBLs)。bla(TEM)、aadA、aac(3)-II、tet(A)和/或 tet(B)以及 catA 基因分别存在于所有氨苄西林、链霉素、庆大霉素、四环素和氯霉素耐药分离株中，sul1 和/或 sul2 和/或 sul3 基因存在于 5 株磺胺甲恶唑/甲氧苄啶耐药分离株中的 4 株中。肠球菌分离株中，粪肠球菌是最常见的检出种（39 株），其次是屎肠球菌（21 株）和海氏肠球菌（4 株）。超过四分之一（29.7%）的分离株对四环素耐药；20.3%对红霉素耐药，14.1%对环丙沙星耐药，10.9%对高水平卡那霉素耐药。对氨苄西林、奎奴普丁/达福普汀和高水平庆大霉素、链霉素的耐药率较低（<10%）。在肠球菌分离株中未检测到万古霉素耐药性。检测到的耐药基因包括所有庆大霉素、链霉素和四环素耐药分离株中的 aac(6')-aph(2''）、ant(6)-Ia、tet(M)和/或 tet(L)。在 7 株卡那霉素耐药分离株中检测到 aph(3')-IIIa 基因，在 13 株红霉素耐药分离株中检测到 erm(B)基因，在对奎奴普丁/达福普汀耐药的屎肠球菌分离株中检测到 vat(D)基因。这项调查表明，野生兔的粪便细菌，如大肠杆菌和肠球菌，可能是抗生素耐药基因的储存库。
