Sánchez Francisco J, Greenberg Stefanie T, Liu William Ming, Vilain Eric
Center for Gender-Based Biology and the Department of Human Genetics at the David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles.
Psychol Men Masc. 2009 Jan;10(1):73-87. doi: 10.1037/a0013513.
This exploratory study used consensual qualitative research methodology (Hill et al., 2005) to analyze what gay men associate with masculinity and femininity, how they feel masculine ideals affect their self-image, and how masculine ideals affect their same-sex relationships. Written responses were collected from 547 self-identified gay men in the U.S. via an Internet-based survey. Findings supported previous reports that perceptions of gender roles among gay men appear based on masculine and feminine stereotypes. Additionally, more adverse versus positive effects on self-image and same-sex romantic relationships were reported including difficulty being emotional and affectionate, pressure to be physically attractive, and pressure to appear masculine in order to be accepted by society and to be seen as desirable by other gay men. While research on gay men's experience with masculinity continues, psychologists should consider the possible influence of traditional masculine ideals when conceptualizing their gay male clients.
这项探索性研究采用了共识定性研究方法（希尔等人，2005年），以分析男同性恋者将哪些特质与男性气质和女性气质联系在一起，他们如何看待男性理想对其自我形象的影响，以及男性理想如何影响他们的同性关系。通过一项基于互联网的调查，收集了来自美国547名自我认定为男同性恋者的书面回复。研究结果支持了先前的报告，即男同性恋者对性别角色的认知似乎基于男性和女性的刻板印象。此外，报告还指出，男性理想对自我形象和同性恋爱关系产生的负面影响多于正面影响，包括在表达情感和爱意方面存在困难、保持身体吸引力的压力，以及为了被社会接受并被其他男同性恋者视为有吸引力而表现出男性气质的压力。虽然关于男同性恋者男性气质体验的研究仍在继续，但心理学家在对其男同性恋客户进行概念化时，应考虑传统男性理想可能产生的影响。
