Bensley L S
Department of Parent and Child Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle 98195.
Addict Behav. 1991;16(3-4):139-50. doi: 10.1016/0306-4603(91)90006-4.
A style of control over alcohol consumption, termed restrained drinking, has been identified as an important predictor of drinking behavior and a possible risk factor for more serious alcohol problems. This control style is hypothesized to involve a cyclical pattern of drinking in which the specific phase (restraint or binging) depends on the balance between opposing response tendencies. A survey study of 429 college students supported the important predictions that restrained drinkers experience more response conflict, as evidenced by stronger impulses to drink (cravings and preoccupation with alcohol) as well as stronger inhibitions against drinking (social commitment to drinking goals, self-esteem threat of excessive consumption, and negative expectancies) compared to unrestrained drinkers. Restrained drinkers additionally reported more cyclical and extreme patterns of drinking, more reduction of alcohol consumption below preferred levels, and more costs of drinking reduction compared to unrestrained drinkers. This pattern of results occurred after controlling for habitual levels of alcohol consumption. These findings support important theoretical predictions concerning a restrained drinking style and provide further evidence of its importance in the early identification of the development of alcohol problems.
一种被称为节制饮酒的酒精消费控制方式，已被确定为饮酒行为的重要预测指标，也是更严重酒精问题的一个潜在风险因素。这种控制方式被假设涉及一种周期性饮酒模式，其中特定阶段（节制或狂饮）取决于相反反应倾向之间的平衡。一项对429名大学生的调查研究支持了以下重要预测：与无节制饮酒者相比，节制饮酒者经历更多的反应冲突，这表现为更强烈的饮酒冲动（对酒精的渴望和专注）以及更强的饮酒抑制（对饮酒目标的社会承诺、过度饮酒对自尊的威胁以及消极预期）。此外，与无节制饮酒者相比，节制饮酒者还报告了更多的周期性和极端饮酒模式、更多将酒精摄入量降低到偏好水平以下的情况，以及更多降低饮酒量的代价。在控制了习惯性酒精消费水平后，出现了这种结果模式。这些发现支持了关于节制饮酒方式的重要理论预测，并进一步证明了其在早期识别酒精问题发展中的重要性。
