Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2010 Jun;7(6):2620-37. doi: 10.3390/ijerph7062620. Epub 2010 Jun 14.
Human enteric viruses are causative agents in both developed and developing countries of many non-bacterial gastrointestinal tract infections, respiratory tract infections, conjunctivitis, hepatitis and other more serious infections with high morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised individuals such as meningitis, encephalitis and paralysis. Human enteric viruses infect and replicate in the gastrointestinal tract of their hosts and are released in large quantities in the stools of infected individuals. The discharge of inadequately treated sewage effluents is the most common source of enteric viral pathogens in aquatic environments. Due to the lack of correlation between the inactivation rates of bacterial indicators and viral pathogens, human adenoviruses have been proposed as a suitable index for the effective indication of viral contaminants in aquatic environments. This paper reviews the major genera of pathogenic human enteric viruses, their pathogenicity and epidemiology, as well as the role of wastewater effluents in their transmission.
人类肠道病毒是许多发达国家和发展中国家的病原体，可引起非细菌性胃肠道感染、呼吸道感染、结膜炎、肝炎以及免疫功能低下人群（如脑膜炎、脑炎和瘫痪）中更严重的感染，发病率和死亡率均较高。人类肠道病毒在宿主的胃肠道中感染和复制，并在感染个体的粪便中大量排出。未经适当处理的污水排放是水生环境中肠道病毒病原体的最常见来源。由于细菌指标的失效率与病毒病原体之间缺乏相关性，因此已提出人类腺病毒作为水生环境中病毒污染物有效指示物的合适指标。本文综述了致病性人类肠道病毒的主要属、其致病性和流行病学，以及废水排放对其传播的作用。
