MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2010 Jul 23;59(28):865-8.
Cryptococcus is a genus of fungi, of which two species, Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii, cause nearly all human and animal cryptococcal infections. Whereas C. neoformans primarily affects persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) worldwide, C. gattii primarily affects HIV-uninfected persons in tropical and subtropical regions. In December 2004, a case of human C. gattii infection was reported in Oregon, associated with an outbreak on Vancouver Island and in mainland British Columbia, Canada. A second C. gattii case was reported in Oregon in 2005, and 12 more cases were reported in 2006 and 2007. In 2008, in response to the emergence of C. gattii in the United States, CDC, state and local public health authorities, and the British Columbia Centre for Disease Control (BCCDC) formed the Cryptococcus gattii Public Health Working Group. States began collecting epidemiologic information on patients and sending isolates to CDC. By July 2010, a total of 60 human cases had been reported to CDC from four states (California, Idaho, Oregon, and Washington) in the Pacific Northwest. Among 52 patients for whom travel history was known, 46 (88%) said they had not traveled to British Columbia or any other C. gattii--endemic areas, suggesting they acquired the infection locally. Among 45 patients with known outcomes, nine (20%) died because of C. gattii infection, and six (13%) died with C. gattii infection. Physicians should consider C. gattii as a possible etiology of a cryptococcal infection among persons living in or traveling to the Pacific Northwest or traveling to other C. gattii--endemic areas.
隐球菌是一种真菌，其中两个物种，新型隐球菌和格特隐球菌，引起几乎所有人类和动物隐球菌感染。虽然新型隐球菌主要影响世界各地感染人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）的人，但格特隐球菌主要影响热带和亚热带地区未感染 HIV 的人。2004 年 12 月，在美国俄勒冈州报告了一例人类格特隐球菌感染病例，该病例与加拿大温哥华岛和不列颠哥伦比亚省大陆的一次暴发有关。2005 年在俄勒冈州报告了第二例格特隐球菌病例，2006 年和 2007 年又报告了 12 例病例。2008 年，为应对美国隐球菌的出现，疾病预防控制中心、州和地方公共卫生当局以及不列颠哥伦比亚疾病控制中心（BCCDC）成立了隐球菌公共卫生工作组。各州开始收集患者的流行病学信息并将分离株发送至疾病预防控制中心。截至 2010 年 7 月，疾病预防控制中心共收到来自太平洋西北地区四个州（加利福尼亚州、爱达荷州、俄勒冈州和华盛顿州）的 60 例人类病例报告。在已知旅行史的 52 名患者中，有 46 名（88%）表示他们没有前往不列颠哥伦比亚省或任何其他格特隐球菌流行地区，这表明他们是在当地感染了该病毒。在已知结局的 45 名患者中，有 9 名（20%）因格特隐球菌感染而死亡，有 6 名（13%）因格特隐球菌感染而死亡。医生应考虑格特隐球菌是居住在或前往太平洋西北地区或前往其他格特隐球菌流行地区的人发生隐球菌感染的可能病因。
