Hornberg C, Maciuleviciute L, Seemayer N H
Medical Institute of Environmental Hygiene at the University of Düsseldorf, Auf m Hennekamp 50, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
Toxicol In Vitro. 1997 Oct;11(5):711-5. doi: 10.1016/s0887-2333(97)00065-9.
In our highly industrialized world air pollution has become an important topic. Beside gaseous pollutants airborne particulates are of great medical concern, containing several hundred mostly organic substances. They are incriminated to cause an excess mortality. Airborne particulates were collected in the heavily industrialized Ruhr region utilizing a high volume sampler HVS 150 (Ströhlein Instruments) equipped with glass fibre fiiters. Chemical substances were extracted with dichloromethane and quantitatively transferred to dimethyl sulfoxide for tissue culture experiments. Cytotoxicity of extracts was determined by reduction of 'plating efficiency' of human cell line A-549 (pneumocyte type II). The induction of 'sister chromatid exchanges' was used as a sensitive bioassay for detection of genotoxic activity of airborne particulates. As target cells we utilized tracheal epithelial cells of the Syrian golden hamster and the rat, human bronchial epithelial cells of line BEAS-2B and human lymphocytes. Quantities of substances equivalent to airborne particulates from 4 and more m(3) air exerted cytotoxic effects, while quantities of substances from 0.5 m(3) of air were markedly genotoxic.
在我们这个高度工业化的世界里，空气污染已成为一个重要话题。除气态污染物外，空气中的颗粒物也备受医学关注，其中含有数百种大多为有机的物质。它们被认为会导致超额死亡率。在工业化程度很高的鲁尔地区，使用配备玻璃纤维滤膜的大容量采样器HVS 150（施特罗林仪器公司）收集空气中的颗粒物。用二氯甲烷提取化学物质，并定量转移至二甲基亚砜中用于组织培养实验。提取物的细胞毒性通过人细胞系A - 549（II型肺细胞）“接种效率”的降低来确定。“姐妹染色单体交换”的诱导被用作检测空气中颗粒物遗传毒性活性的灵敏生物测定法。作为靶细胞，我们使用了叙利亚金黄地鼠和大鼠的气管上皮细胞、BEAS - 2B系人支气管上皮细胞以及人淋巴细胞。相当于4立方米及以上空气中颗粒物的物质数量产生了细胞毒性作用，而0.5立方米空气中物质的数量则具有明显的遗传毒性。
