Rhinology Unit and Smell Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Hospital Clínic i Universitari de Barcelona, c/ Villarroel, 170, Barcelona 08036, Catalonia, Spain.
Expert Rev Respir Med. 2010 Aug;4(4):463-77. doi: 10.1586/ers.10.49.
Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) including nasal polyps is a chronic inflammatory disease involving the mucosa of the nose and one or more paranasal sinuses. Despite differing hypotheses, the cause remains poorly understood. The key issue is the maintaining of ostial patency. CRS with nasal polyps is considered to be a subgroup of CRS. Major symptoms are nasal congestion or blockage, loss of smell, rhinorrhea, post-nasal drip, and facial pain or pressure. CRS is associated with lower airway disease such asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and bronchiectasis. In CRS with and without nasal polyps, medical treatment, including nasal and oral corticosteroids, is the first therapeutic option. The treatment of CRS still remains an unmet need. Corticosteroids are the mainstay of treatment and are the most effective drugs for treating airway inflammatory diseases such as asthma, allergic rhinitis and CRS. Endoscopic sinus surgery is only recommended when medical treatment fails. After surgery, medical treatment, including nasal and oral corticosteroids, is recommended.
慢性鼻-鼻窦炎（CRS）包括鼻息肉，是一种涉及鼻腔和一个或多个鼻窦黏膜的慢性炎症性疾病。尽管存在不同的假设，但病因仍不清楚。关键问题是保持窦口通畅。伴有鼻息肉的 CRS 被认为是 CRS 的一个亚组。主要症状是鼻塞或阻塞、嗅觉丧失、流涕、后鼻滴注和面部疼痛或压力。CRS 与下呼吸道疾病如哮喘、慢性阻塞性肺疾病和支气管扩张有关。在伴有和不伴有鼻息肉的 CRS 中，包括鼻内和口服皮质类固醇在内的药物治疗是首选的治疗方法。CRS 的治疗仍然是一个未满足的需求。皮质类固醇是治疗的主要药物，是治疗气道炎症性疾病（如哮喘、过敏性鼻炎和 CRS）最有效的药物。只有在药物治疗失败时才建议进行内镜鼻窦手术。手术后，建议使用药物治疗，包括鼻内和口服皮质类固醇。
