Department of Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University Providence, Rhode Island, USA.
Am J Rhinol Allergy. 2013 May-Jun;27 Suppl 1:S20-5. doi: 10.2500/ajra.2013.27.3926.
Nasal polyps occur in 1-4% of the population, usually occurring in the setting of an underlying local or systemic disease. The most common associated condition is chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). A high prevalence of nasal polyps is also seen in allergic fungal rhinosinusitis, aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease, Churg-Strauss syndrome, and cystic fibrosis. In the setting of CRS, nasal polyps are not likely to be cured by either medical or surgical therapy; however, control is generally attainable. The best medical evidence supports the use of intranasal corticosteroids for maintenance therapy and short courses of oral corticosteroids for exacerbations. The evidence for short- and long-term antibiotics is much less robust. For patients with symptomatic nasal polyposis nonresponsive to medical therapies, functional endoscopic sinus surgery provides an adjunctive therapeutic option.
鼻息肉在人群中的发生率为 1%-4%，通常发生于潜在的局部或全身疾病的背景下。最常见的相关疾病是慢性鼻-鼻窦炎（CRS）。变应性真菌性鼻-鼻窦炎、阿司匹林加重的呼吸道疾病、Churg-Strauss 综合征和囊性纤维化也可见到鼻息肉的高患病率。在 CRS 背景下，鼻息肉不太可能通过药物或手术治疗治愈；然而，通常可以控制。最佳医学证据支持使用鼻腔内皮质类固醇进行维持治疗，并在急性发作时使用短期口服皮质类固醇。短期和长期使用抗生素的证据则不那么充分。对于对药物治疗无反应的有症状的鼻息肉患者，功能性内镜鼻窦手术提供了一种辅助治疗选择。
