Department of Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.
Am J Rhinol Allergy. 2013 May-Jun;27 Suppl 1:S11-5. doi: 10.2500/ajra.2013.27.3925.
Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is the second most common chronic medical condition in the United States. It represents a group of disorders characterized by inflammation of the nasal mucosa and paranasal sinuses of at least 12 weeks duration. CRS with or without nasal polyps is defined as inflammation of the nose characterized by two or more symptoms, one of which should be either nasal blockage, obstruction, congestion, or nasal discharge (anterior/posterior nasal drip); with or without facial pain/pressure; and/or with or without reduction or loss of smell. Symptomatology should be supported by obvious disease evident in either nasal endoscopy or computed tomography imaging. Although CRS is not likely to be cured by either medical or surgical therapy, it can generally be controlled. Best medical evidence supports maintenance therapy with intranasal corticosteroids and saline irrigation. For exacerbations, short to intermediate courses of antibiotics (up to 4-weeks) with or without oral corticosteroids are recommended. For patients with difficult-to-treat CRS, functional endoscopic sinus surgery provides an adjunctive therapeutic option.
慢性鼻-鼻窦炎（CRS）是美国第二大常见的慢性疾病。它代表了一组以鼻腔和鼻旁窦黏膜炎症为特征的疾病，至少持续 12 周。伴有或不伴有鼻息肉的 CRS 定义为以下特征的鼻部炎症：至少有两个症状，其中一个应该是鼻塞、阻塞、充血或鼻分泌物（前/后鼻滴注）；伴有或不伴有面部疼痛/压力；和/或伴有或不伴有嗅觉减退或丧失。症状学应通过鼻内窥镜或计算机断层扫描成像中明显的疾病得到支持。尽管 CRS 不太可能通过药物或手术治疗治愈，但通常可以控制。最佳医学证据支持使用鼻腔皮质类固醇和盐水冲洗进行维持治疗。对于加重的情况，建议短期至中期使用抗生素（最长 4 周），并可联合使用口服皮质类固醇。对于治疗困难的 CRS 患者，功能性内窥镜鼻窦手术提供了一种辅助治疗选择。
