North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, Division of Public Health, 1912 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1912, USA.
J Agromedicine. 2010 Jul;15(3):226-35. doi: 10.1080/1059924X.2010.486327.
Numerous hazards may occur on farms raising livestock. Animal contact is often ranked as the first or second leading cause of injuries on the farm. In addition to direct trauma from the animal, other injuries may occur from injection of medications, chemical splashes from cleaning the facility, and repetitive motion injuries. Exposures to toxic gases from decomposition of animal waste such as in manure pits and exposure to animal allergens may cause adverse health effects in humans. One additional consideration is the risk of developing various zoonotic infections. Human injuries happen more often when people are handling animals than during any other activity performed in pork production. The National Pork Board of the United States, in response to a request from pork producers, has developed a program designed to improve worker safety, pig welfare, and pork quality when pigs are moved for whatever reason. The objective of the Transport Quality Assurance (TQA) program is to help all those who transport, produce, or handle swine to do so in a way that is optimal for the pigs' well-being, the health of the handler, and to improve the quality of the pork produced. Understanding basic pig behavior, proper handling practices, and using proper handling equipment will help animal handling be a safe activity. This paper was prepared for the Agricultural Safety and Health Council of America/National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health Conference, "Be Safe, Be Profitable: Protecting Workers in Agriculture," January 27-28, 2010, Dallas/Fort Worth, Texas.
在养殖牲畜的农场中，可能会出现许多危险。动物接触通常被列为农场受伤的第一或第二大原因。除了动物直接造成的创伤外，其他伤害可能来自药物注射、清洁设施时的化学溅出物以及重复性运动损伤。动物粪便等动物废物分解产生的有毒气体的暴露以及动物过敏原的暴露，可能会对人类健康造成不良影响。另外一个需要考虑的因素是发生各种人畜共患感染的风险。与在猪肉生产中进行的任何其他活动相比，人们在处理动物时更容易受伤。美国国家猪肉委员会应猪肉生产商的要求，制定了一项旨在提高工人安全、猪只福利和猪肉质量的计划，无论出于何种原因，都要对猪进行转移。运输质量保证（TQA）计划的目标是帮助所有运输、生产或处理猪的人以一种对猪的福祉、处理人员的健康最有利的方式进行操作，并提高所生产猪肉的质量。了解基本的猪只行为、正确的处理方法和使用适当的处理设备将有助于使动物处理成为一项安全的活动。本文是为美国农业安全与健康委员会/国家职业安全与健康研究所于 2010 年 1 月 27 日至 28 日在德克萨斯州达拉斯/沃思堡举行的“安全与盈利：保护农业工人”会议准备的。
