World Psychiatry. 2010 Jun;9(2):78-84. doi: 10.1002/j.2051-5545.2010.tb00277.x.
We review the definitions, determinants, and ways of enhancing successful cognitive and emotional aging. Objective definitions of successful aging based on physical health emphasize outcomes including freedom from disability and disease, whereas subjective definitions center on well-being, social connectedness, and adaptation. Most older people do not meet objective criteria for successful aging, while a majority meet the subjective criteria. Older people with severe mental illness are not excluded from successful aging. The determinants of successful aging include complex interactions of lifestyle behaviors and social environment with genes. Depression interferes with nearly all determinants of successful aging. Evidence-based means of enhancing successful aging include calorie restriction, physical exercise, cognitive stimulation, social support, and optimization of stress. Future directions for successful aging research and implications for geriatric psychiatry are discussed.
我们回顾了成功认知和情感老化的定义、决定因素和增强方法。基于身体健康的成功老化的客观定义强调了包括无残疾和疾病在内的结果,而主观定义则集中在幸福感、社会联系和适应能力上。大多数老年人不符合成功老化的客观标准,而大多数老年人符合主观标准。患有严重精神疾病的老年人并未被排除在成功老化之外。成功老化的决定因素包括生活方式行为和社会环境与基因的复杂相互作用。抑郁会干扰成功老化的几乎所有决定因素。增强成功老化的循证方法包括热量限制、体育锻炼、认知刺激、社会支持以及压力的优化。讨论了成功老化研究的未来方向及其对老年精神病学的影响。