Jeste Dilip V, Vahia Ipsit V
Department of Psychiatry, Rose and Sam Stein Institute for Research on Aging, University of California San Diego, La Jolla San Diego, CA 92161, USA.
Psychiatry. 2008 Fall;71(3):197-209. doi: 10.1521/psyc.2008.71.3.197.
The study of wisdom has recently become a subject of growing scientific interest, although the concept of wisdom is ancient. This article focuses on conceptualization of wisdom in the Bhagavad Gita, arguably the most influential of all ancient Hindu philosophical/religious texts. Our review, using mixed qualitative/quantitative methodology with the help of Textalyser and NVivo software, found the following components to be associated with the concept of wisdom in the Gita: Knowledge of life, Emotional Regulation, Control over Desires, Decisiveness, Love of God, Duty and Work, Self-Contentedness, Compassion/Sacrifice, Insight/Humility, and Yoga (Integration of Personality). A comparison of the conceptualization of wisdom in the Gita with that in modern scientific literature shows several similarities, such as rich knowledge about life, emotional regulation, insight, and a focus on common good (compassion). Apparent differences include an emphasis on control over desires and renunciation of materialistic pleasures. Importantly, the Gita suggests that at least certain components of wisdom can be taught and learned. We believe that the concepts of wisdom in the Gita are relevant to modern psychiatry in helping develop psychotherapeutic interventions that could be more individualistic and more holistic than those commonly practiced today, and they aim at improving personal well-being rather than just psychiatric symptoms.
尽管智慧的概念由来已久，但对智慧的研究近来已成为一个愈发受到科学关注的课题。本文聚焦于《薄伽梵歌》中智慧的概念化，《薄伽梵歌》可以说是所有古代印度哲学/宗教文本中最具影响力的一部。我们借助Textalyser和NVivo软件，运用定性与定量相结合的方法进行综述，发现以下要素与《薄伽梵歌》中的智慧概念相关：对生活的认知、情绪调节、对欲望的控制、决断力、对神的爱、责任与工作、自我满足、慈悲/牺牲、洞察力/谦逊以及瑜伽（人格整合）。将《薄伽梵歌》中智慧的概念化与现代科学文献中的进行比较，可发现若干相似之处，比如对生活的丰富认知、情绪调节、洞察力以及对共同利益（慈悲）的关注。明显的差异包括对欲望控制和摒弃物质享受的强调。重要的是，《薄伽梵歌》表明智慧的至少某些要素是可以传授和学习的。我们认为，《薄伽梵歌》中的智慧概念与现代精神病学相关，有助于开发比当今常见疗法更具个性化和整体性的心理治疗干预措施，这些干预措施旨在提升个人幸福感而非仅仅改善精神症状。
