Rey C, Beshah K, Griffin R, Glimcher M J
Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie des Solides, Ecole Nationale Superieure de Chimie, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse, France.
J Bone Miner Res. 1991 May;6(5):515-25. doi: 10.1002/jbmr.5650060514.
The calcified cartilage of the epiphyseal growth plate of young calves has been studied by x-ray diffraction. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, magic angle 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and chemical composition. The powdered tissue was separated by density centrifugation as a function of mineral content and thus qualitatively of the age of the calcium-phosphorus mineral phase. The individual density centrifugation fractions were examined separately. X-ray diffraction of the samples, especially of the lowest density fractions, revealed very poorly crystalline apatite. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy revealed the presence of significant amounts of nonapatitic phosphate ions. The concentration of such nonapatitic phosphates increases during the early stages of mineralization but then decreases as the mineral content steadily rises until full mineralization is achieved. The total concentration of carbonate ions was found to be much lower in calcified cartilage than in bone from the same organ (scapula). The carbonate ions are located in both A sites (OH-) and B sites (PO4(3-)), with a distribution similar to that found in bone mineral. However, discrepancies between infrared resolution factors of phosphate and carbonate bands are consistent with a heterogeneous distribution of carbonate ions in poorly organized domains of the solid phase of calcium phosphate. These initial studies permit one to characterize the calcium phosphate mineral phase as a very poorly crystalline, immature calcium phosphate apatite, rich in labile nonapatitic phosphate ions, with a low concentration of carbonate ions compared with bone mineral of the same animal, indeed from the bone of the same organ (scapula).
通过X射线衍射、傅里叶变换红外光谱、魔角31P核磁共振光谱以及化学成分分析，对幼小牛骨骺生长板的钙化软骨进行了研究。将粉末状组织通过密度离心法进行分离，分离依据矿物质含量，从而在定性上依据钙磷矿相的年龄。对各个密度离心级分分别进行检测。样品的X射线衍射，尤其是最低密度级分的衍射，显示出结晶度很差的磷灰石。傅里叶变换红外光谱和31P核磁共振光谱显示存在大量非磷灰石磷酸根离子。在矿化早期，此类非磷灰石磷酸盐的浓度增加，但随后随着矿物质含量稳步上升直至完全矿化，其浓度降低。发现钙化软骨中碳酸根离子的总浓度远低于同一器官（肩胛骨）骨骼中的碳酸根离子浓度。碳酸根离子位于A位（OH-）和B位（PO4(3-)），其分布与在骨矿物质中发现的分布相似。然而，磷酸盐和碳酸盐谱带的红外分辨率因子之间的差异与碳酸根离子在磷酸钙固相组织不良区域中的不均匀分布一致。这些初步研究使得人们能够将磷酸钙矿相表征为结晶度非常差、不成熟的磷酸钙磷灰石，富含不稳定的非磷灰石磷酸根离子，与同一动物的骨矿物质相比，碳酸根离子浓度较低，实际上是与同一器官（肩胛骨）的骨骼相比。
