Department of Psychology and Social Sciences, Penn State Abington, Abington PA, 19001, USA.
Pers Soc Psychol Bull. 2010 Aug;36(8):999-1009. doi: 10.1177/0146167210376059.
Social belonging is an essential human need. Belonging to social groups serves an important role in shaping our social identities. Nonetheless, research indicates that exclusion by ingroup and outgroup members seems equally aversive. The current studies test the hypothesis that unlike more trivial groups (e.g., smoking or computer preferences), highly essentialized groups may lead to differential effects of ingroup versus outgroup rejection. Consistent with this, exclusion and inclusion by racial ingroup members (relative to racial outgroup members) exacerbated the sting of rejection and the glow of inclusion (Study 1). In a second study, direct manipulations of essentialist beliefs about ingroups and outgroups (i.e., political affiliations) led to the same results. These results offer a novel demonstration that essentialized ingroup-outgroup distinctions enhance the sting of social exclusion and the positivity of social inclusion.
社会归属感是人类的基本需求。属于社会团体在塑造我们的社会身份方面起着重要作用。然而，研究表明，被内群体和外群体成员排斥的感觉同样令人不快。目前的研究检验了这样一种假设，即与不太重要的群体（如吸烟或计算机偏好）不同，高度本质化的群体可能会对内群体与外群体排斥产生不同的影响。研究 1 结果一致表明，与外群体成员（相对于外群体成员）相比，内群体成员的排斥和接纳加剧了被拒绝的痛苦和被接纳的喜悦。在第二项研究中，对关于内群体和外群体（即政治派别）的本质主义信念的直接操纵也产生了同样的结果。这些结果提供了一个新的例证，表明本质化的内群体-外群体区分增强了社会排斥的痛苦和社会接纳的积极性。
