State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and School of Life Sciences, Institute of Plant Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Curr Top Dev Biol. 2010;91:379-412. doi: 10.1016/S0070-2153(10)91013-2.
Plant reproduction occurs through the production of gametes by a haploid generation, the gametophyte. Flowering plants have highly reduced male and female gametophytes, called pollen grains and embryo sacs, respectively, consisting of only a few cells. Gametophytes are critical for sexual reproduction, but detailed understanding of their development remains poor as compared to the diploid sporophyte. This article reviews recent progress in understanding the mechanisms underlying gametophytic development and function in flowering plants. The focus is on genes and molecules involved in the processes of initiation, growth, cell specification, and fertilization of the male and female gametophytes derived primarily from studies in model systems.
植物繁殖是通过单倍体世代（配子体）产生配子来实现的。有花植物的雄配子体和雌配子体高度简化，分别称为花粉粒和胚囊，只包含少数几个细胞。配子体对于有性繁殖至关重要，但与二倍体孢子体相比，人们对其发育的详细了解仍然有限。本文综述了近年来在理解有花植物配子体发育和功能的机制方面所取得的进展。重点介绍了主要来自模式系统研究的参与雄配子体和雌配子体发生、生长、细胞特化和受精过程的基因和分子。
