Hofer C, Schmalfeldt B, Gschwend J E, Herkommer K
Urologische Gemeinschaftspraxis Odeonsplatz, Odeonsplatz 2, 80539, München, Deutschland.
Urologe A. 2010 Sep;49(9):1142, 1144-8. doi: 10.1007/s00120-010-2356-y.
Male breast cancer (male BC) accounts for <1% of all cancers in men, showing an increasing incidence with a peak in the sixth decade. Overall, men experience a worse prognosis than women, probably due to an advanced stage together with the higher age at diagnosis of male patients. Major risk factors for developing male BC include clinical disorders involving hormonal imbalances (excess of estrogen or a deficiency of testosterone as seen in patients with Klinefelter syndrome) and a positive family history for breast cancer. About 90% of male BC are invasive ductal carcinomas. Standard treatment for localized cancer is surgical removal. Adjuvant radiation and systemic therapy are the same as in women with breast cancer. Male BC expresses hormone receptors in about 90% of cases; therefore, tamoxifen is a therapeutic option. A future challenge for the urologist or andrologist is to diagnose the disease at an early stage to improve prognosis.
男性乳腺癌（male BC）占男性所有癌症的比例不到1%，发病率呈上升趋势，在60岁左右达到峰值。总体而言，男性的预后比女性差，这可能是由于男性患者诊断时处于晚期且年龄较大。发生男性乳腺癌的主要风险因素包括涉及激素失衡的临床病症（如克兰费尔特综合征患者出现的雌激素过多或睾酮缺乏）以及乳腺癌家族史阳性。约90%的男性乳腺癌为浸润性导管癌。局限性癌症的标准治疗方法是手术切除。辅助放疗和全身治疗与女性乳腺癌相同。约90%的男性乳腺癌病例表达激素受体；因此，他莫昔芬是一种治疗选择。泌尿外科医生或男科医生未来面临的挑战是早期诊断该疾病以改善预后。
