Harold and Margaret Milliken Hatch Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA.
Annu Rev Med. 2011;62:431-45. doi: 10.1146/annurev-med-052209-100430.
The brain is the key organ of stress processes. It determines what individuals will experience as stressful, it orchestrates how individuals will cope with stressful experiences, and it changes both functionally and structurally as a result of stressful experiences. Within the brain, a distributed, dynamic, and plastic neural circuitry coordinates, monitors, and calibrates behavioral and physiological stress response systems to meet the demands imposed by particular stressors. These allodynamic processes can be adaptive in the short term (allostasis) and maladaptive in the long term (allostatic load). Critically, these processes involve bidirectional signaling between the brain and body. Consequently, allostasis and allostatic load can jointly affect vulnerability to brain-dependent and stress-related mental and physical health conditions. This review focuses on the role of brain plasticity in adaptation to, and pathophysiology resulting from, stressful experiences. It also considers interventions to prevent and treat chronic and prevalent health conditions via allodynamic brain mechanisms.
大脑是应激过程的关键器官。它决定了个体将经历哪些方面的压力，它协调了个体如何应对压力体验，并且由于压力体验而在功能和结构上发生变化。在大脑中，分布式、动态和可塑的神经回路协调、监测和校准行为和生理应激反应系统，以应对特定应激源带来的需求。这些他变过程在短期内是适应性的（allostasis），而在长期内是适应性不良的（allostatic load）。关键的是，这些过程涉及大脑和身体之间的双向信号传递。因此，allostasis 和 allostatic load 可以共同影响与大脑相关的精神和身体健康状况的易感性。本综述重点关注大脑可塑性在适应和由应激体验引起的病理生理学中的作用。它还考虑了通过他变大脑机制预防和治疗慢性和普遍存在的健康状况的干预措施。
