Animal Physiological Ecology Department, University of Tübingen, Konrad-Adenauer-Strasse 20, 72072 Tübingen, Germany.
Ecotoxicology. 2010 Nov;19(8):1487-95. doi: 10.1007/s10646-010-0534-8. Epub 2010 Aug 14.
We investigated the effects of metal ions on the embryonic development of the ramshorn snail, Marisa cornuarietis, by exposing embryos to varying concentrations of copper (0, 50, 100, and 250 μg Cu(2+)/L), lead (0, 5, 10, and 15 mg Pb(2+)/L), lithium (0, 1, 2.5, and 3 mg Li(+)/L), or palladium (0, 50, 100, and 500 μg Pd(2+)/L). Effects of these metals were examined by recording mortality, the rate of tentacles and eyes formation, heart rate, hatching success, and weight after hatching. Compared to the control, we found a significant delay in the formation of tentacles and eyes after treatment with 100 μg Cu(2+)/L, 15 mg Pb(2+)/L, 2.5 mg Li(+)/L or 500 μg Pd(2+)/L. The heart rate decreased significantly at 500 μg Pd(2+)/L. At 10 mg Pb(2+)/L, 2.5 mg Li(+)/L, or 500 μg Pd(2+)/L, hatching was delayed significantly; 50 μg Cu(2+)/L induced a significantly earlier hatching, and reduced body weight. The LC(50) values were calculated to be about 50 μg Cu(2+)/L, 500 μg Pd(2+)/L, 2500 μg Li(+)/L, and 10000 μg Pb(2+)/L. These results show that the embryonic development of M. cornuarietis is about as sensitive to copper and lithium, compared to the most sensitive fishes used in embryo toxicity testing. Even though the MariETT is a laboratory-based assay focusing on toxicological endpoints of a selected model species, future application is envisaged to include testing of "natural" samples such as stream water or sediment interstitial water.
我们通过将胚胎暴露于不同浓度的铜（0、50、100 和 250μg Cu(2+)/L）、铅（0、5、10 和 15mg Pb(2+)/L）、锂（0、1、2.5 和 3mg Li(+)/L）或钯（0、50、100 和 500μg Pd(2+)/L）中来研究金属离子对田螺胚胎发育的影响。通过记录死亡率、触角和眼睛形成的速度、心率、孵化成功率和孵化后体重来检查这些金属的影响。与对照组相比，我们发现用 100μg Cu(2+)/L、15mg Pb(2+)/L、2.5mg Li(+)/L 或 500μg Pd(2+)/L 处理后，触角和眼睛的形成明显延迟。在 500μg Pd(2+)/L 时，心率显著下降。在 10mg Pb(2+)/L、2.5mg Li(+)/L 或 500μg Pd(2+)/L 时，孵化明显延迟；50μg Cu(2+)/L 诱导孵化提前，体重减轻。LC(50)值计算为约 50μg Cu(2+)/L、500μg Pd(2+)/L、2500μg Li(+)/L 和 10000μg Pb(2+)/L。这些结果表明，田螺胚胎发育对铜和锂的敏感性与胚胎毒性测试中最敏感的鱼类相当。尽管 MariETT 是一种基于实验室的测定方法，专注于选定模型物种的毒理学终点，但未来的应用预计将包括测试天然样品，如溪流水或沉积物间隙水。
